Apples

ByОлена Коновалова
APPLES
     Apples (Malus domestica), similar to pears, exhibit a relatively limited vitamin profile, with the notable exception of ascorbic acid (averaging 24.3% of the Daily Value [DV] per 100 g, though concentrations fluctuate between 3.7% and 44.3% depending on the cultivar). However, they are distinguished by a significant concentration of specific mineral elements.
     The mineral profile of apples and pears is homologous; however, apples possess a markedly higher concentration of boron (350.0% DV per 100 g, compared to 186.0% in pears) and rubidium (63.0% and 44.0%, respectively). They contain equivalent levels of vanadium (12.5%) and nickel (11.3%), while exhibiting lower levels of silicon (11.7% vs. 17.0% in pears) and significantly lower concentrations of cobalt (10.0% vs. 100.0%) and copper (3.8% vs. 10.0%). Apples are further characterized by higher concentrations of iron (10.5%) and potassium (9.8%).
     Notably, in contrast to pears, apples exhibit a minimal capacity for the bioaccumulation of toxic ultratrace elements, such as lead and thallium.
     Apples are rich in phytosterols (21.0% DV), mono- and disaccharides (19.6%), with glucose (11.4% DV) and fructose (16.7%) as the predominant sugars. The dietary fiber fraction includes cellulose (9.6%) and pectin (16.0%). They contain minor quantities of starch (0.05 g per 100 g) and sucrose (0.57–2.07 g, depending on the cultivar).
     The total purine base content per 100 g constitutes 5.0% of the daily allowance.
     The concentration of oxalic acid per 100 g is 1.5 mg, representing 0.4% of the maximum tolerable daily intake (for further details, see Rhubarb).
Calories per 100 g: 52 kcal
Water per 100 g: 85.56 g
Ash per 100 g: 0.19 g
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
 
Vitamins, macro- and microelements, nutrients per 100 g
VITAMINS
Name Content, mass fraction per 100 g of product % of daily allowance
in figures visually*
Vitamin B1 (thiamine) 0.011-0.025 mg 1.0 0
Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) 0.007-0.016 mg 0.6 0
Vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid) 0.10 mg 2.0 5
Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) 0.031-0.089 mg 3.2 5
Vitamin B9 (folic acid) 4.7-18.0 mcg 2.8 5
Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) 0.0 0.0 0
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) 2.58-31.0 mg 24.3 30
Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) 0.430-0.650 mg 3.6 5
Beta-tocopherol 0.0 mg 0.0 0
Gamma-tocopherol 0.0 mg 0.0 0
Delta-tocopherol 0.0 mg 0.0 0
Vitamin D (ergocalciferol) 0.0 mcg 0.0 0
Vitamin PP (nicotinic acid) 0.18-2.00 mg 5.5 5
Vitamin K (phylloquinone) 3.0 2.5 5
Biotin 0.3 0.6 0
Beta-carotene 18.0-32.0 mcg 0.5 0
Alpha-carotene 0.0 0.0 0
Lutein + zeaxanthin 29.0 0.5 0
Beta-cryptoxanthin 11.0 0.2  0
Lycopene 0.0 0.0 0
Choline 3.4 mg 0.7 0
Methylmethionine sulfonium (vitamin U) 0.0 mg 0.0  0
Betaine trimethylglycine 0.1 mg 0.01 0

* Full jug – 100% of the daily allowance; empty – 0-1% of the daily allowance.

MINERAL ELEMENTS

Macroelements

Name Content, mass fraction per 100 g of product % of daily requirement
in numbers Visually
Potassium 77.0-343.0 mg 9.8 10
Calcium 3.08-16.74 mg 0.9 0
Silicon 2.0-5.0 mg 11.7 10
Magnesium 3.3-9.0 mg 1.6 0
Sodium 2.0-3.0 mg 0.2 0
Sulfur 5.0 mg 0.5 0
Phosphorus 8.9-25.1 mg 2.1 5
Chlorine 2.0 mg 0.1 0

Trace elements and ultra-trace elements

Name Content, mass fraction per 100 g of product % of daily requirement
in numbers Visually
Aluminum 110.0 μg 0.3 0
Boron 245.0 350.0 10010010050
Vanadium 4.0 12.5 10
Iron 0.124-2.200 mg 10.5 10
Iodine 2.0 mcg 1.4 0
Cobalt 1.0 μg 10.0 10
Lithium 0.8 0.8 0
Manganese 27.0-87.0 μg 2.9 5
Copper 5.0-70.0 μg 3.8 5
Molybdenum 6.0 8.6 10
Arsenic 0.3 2.5 5
Nickel 17.0 11.3 10
Tin 3.0 μg 0.2 0
Rubidium 63.0 63.0 60
Lead 0.04 0.4 0
Selenium 0.30 μg 0.5 0
Strontium 3.4 μg 0.4 0
Thallium 0.05 2.5 5
Fluorine 3.3 μg 0.08 0
Chromium 4.0 μg 8.0 10
Zinc 32.0-150.0 mcg 0.1 0

 

PROTEINS AND AMINO ACIDS

 

Name Content, mass fraction per 100 g of product % of daily value
in figures Visually
Total protein content 0.26 g 0.3 0
Essential amino acid content 0.071 g 0.3 0
Content of replaceable amino acids 0.224 g 0.4 0

 

Essential amino acids

 

Acid name Content, g per 100 g of product % of daily requirement
in numbers Visually
Valine 0.010 0.4 0
Histidine 0.004 g 0.2 0
Isoleucine 0.009 g 0.5 0
Leucine 0.014 g 0.3 0
Lysine 0.013 g 0.3 0
Methionine 0.003 g 0.2 0
Threonine 0.008 g 0.3 0
Tryptophan 0.003 g 0.3 0
Phenylalanine 0.007 g 0.2 0

 

Non-essential amino acids

 

Acid name Content, g per 100 g of product % of daily value
In numbers Visually
Alanine 0.011 g 0.2 0
Arginine 0.006 g 0.1 0
Aspartic acid 0.078 g 0.6 0
Glycine 0.008 g 0.2 0
Glutamic acid 0.022 g 0.2 0
Proline 0.083 g 1.8 5
Serine 0.011 g 0.1 0
Tyrosine 0.004 g 0.1 0
Cystine 0.001 g 0.06 0



FATS AND FATTY ACIDS

 

Name Content, mass fraction per 100 g of product % of daily allowance
in figures Visually
Total fat content 0.17 g 0.2 0
Unsaturated fatty acid content 0.205 g 0.5 0
Omega-3 unsaturated fatty acid content 0.041 g 4.1 5
Omega-6 unsaturated fatty acid content 0.154 g 1.5 0
Saturated fatty acid content 0.066 g 0.3 0

 

Unsaturated fatty acids

 

Acid name Content, g per 100 g of product
Palmitoleic C 16:1 (omega-7) 0.0
Oleic C 18:1 (omega-9) 0.010
Linoleic C 18:2 (omega-6) 0.154 g
Linolenic C 18:3 (omega-3) 0.041
Stearidonic acid C 18:4 (omega-3) 0.0
Gadoleic C 20:1 (omega-11) 0.0
Arachidonic C 20:4 (omega-6) 0.0
Eicosapentaenoic acid C 20:5 (omega-3) 0.0
Erucic acid C 22:1 (omega-9) 0.0
Clupanoic acid C 22:5 (omega-3) 0.0
Docosahexaenoic C 22:6 (omega-3) 0.0
Nervonic acid C 24:1 (omega-9) 0.0

 

Saturated fatty acids

 

Acid name Content, g per 100 g of product
Lauric C 12:0 0.0
Myristic C 14:0 0.0
Palmitic acid C 16:0 0.056 g
Stearic acid C 18:0 0.010 g
Arachidic C 20:0 0.0 g
Behenic C 22:0 0.0 g
Lignoceric acid C 24:0 0.0 g

 

Sterols

 

Name Content, mass fraction per 100 g of product % of daily allowance
in figures Visually
Total phytosterols 12.0 mg 21.8 20
Campesterol No data
Beta-sitosterol No data
Stigmasterol No data
Cholesterol 0.0 mg 0 –

 

CARBOHYDRATES

 

Name Content, mass fraction per 100 g of product % of daily allowance
in numbers Visually
Total carbohydrate content 13.81 g 3.9 5
Mono- and disaccharides 9.0-10.39 g 19.6 20
Glucose 1.68-2.43 g 11.4 10
Fructose 5.86 g 16.7 20
Galactose 0.0 g 0.0 0
Sucrose 0.57-2.07 g – –
Lactose 0.0 0.0 0
Starch 0.05 g –  –
Maltose 0.0 – –
Fiber 2.4 9.6 10
Pectin 0.5-1.1 g 16.0 20
PURINE BASES
Name Content, mass fraction per 100 g of product % of daily requirement
in numbers Visually
Purine content 6 mg 5.0 5

Units of measurement:
Piece: 90.0-200.0 g
Teacup: 250.0 g
Faceted glass: 200.0 g
Teaspoon: 7.0 g
Tablespoon: 20.0 g

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