Apples
APPLES
Apples (Malus domestica), similar to pears, exhibit a relatively limited vitamin profile, with the notable exception of ascorbic acid (averaging 24.3% of the Daily Value [DV] per 100 g, though concentrations fluctuate between 3.7% and 44.3% depending on the cultivar). However, they are distinguished by a significant concentration of specific mineral elements.
The mineral profile of apples and pears is homologous; however, apples possess a markedly higher concentration of boron (350.0% DV per 100 g, compared to 186.0% in pears) and rubidium (63.0% and 44.0%, respectively). They contain equivalent levels of vanadium (12.5%) and nickel (11.3%), while exhibiting lower levels of silicon (11.7% vs. 17.0% in pears) and significantly lower concentrations of cobalt (10.0% vs. 100.0%) and copper (3.8% vs. 10.0%). Apples are further characterized by higher concentrations of iron (10.5%) and potassium (9.8%).
Notably, in contrast to pears, apples exhibit a minimal capacity for the bioaccumulation of toxic ultratrace elements, such as lead and thallium.
Apples are rich in phytosterols (21.0% DV), mono- and disaccharides (19.6%), with glucose (11.4% DV) and fructose (16.7%) as the predominant sugars. The dietary fiber fraction includes cellulose (9.6%) and pectin (16.0%). They contain minor quantities of starch (0.05 g per 100 g) and sucrose (0.57–2.07 g, depending on the cultivar).
The total purine base content per 100 g constitutes 5.0% of the daily allowance.
The concentration of oxalic acid per 100 g is 1.5 mg, representing 0.4% of the maximum tolerable daily intake (for further details, see Rhubarb).
Calories per 100 g: 52 kcal
Water per 100 g: 85.56 g
Ash per 100 g: 0.19 g
Water per 100 g: 85.56 g
Ash per 100 g: 0.19 g
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
Vitamins, macro- and microelements, nutrients per 100 g
VITAMINS
| Name | Content, mass fraction per 100 g of product | % of daily allowance | |
| in figures | visually* | ||
| Vitamin B1 (thiamine) | 0.011-0.025 mg | 1.0 |  |
| Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) | 0.007-0.016 mg | 0.6 | |
| Vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid) | 0.10 mg | 2.0 |  |
| Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) | 0.031-0.089 mg | 3.2 | |
| Vitamin B9 (folic acid) | 4.7-18.0 mcg | 2.8 | |
| Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) | 2.58-31.0 mg | 24.3 |  |
| Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) | 0.430-0.650 mg | 3.6 | |
| Beta-tocopherol | 0.0 mg | 0.0 | |
| Gamma-tocopherol | 0.0 mg | 0.0 | |
| Delta-tocopherol | 0.0 mg | 0.0 | |
| Vitamin D (ergocalciferol) | 0.0 mcg | 0.0 | |
| Vitamin PP (nicotinic acid) | 0.18-2.00 mg | 5.5 | |
| Vitamin K (phylloquinone) | 3.0 | 2.5 | |
| Biotin | 0.3 | 0.6 | |
| Beta-carotene | 18.0-32.0 mcg | 0.5 | |
| Alpha-carotene | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Lutein + zeaxanthin | 29.0 | 0.5 | |
| Beta-cryptoxanthin | 11.0 | 0.2 | |
| Lycopene | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Choline | 3.4 mg | 0.7 | |
| Methylmethionine sulfonium (vitamin U) | 0.0 mg | 0.0 | |
| Betaine trimethylglycine | 0.1 mg | 0.01 | |
* Full jug – 100% of the daily allowance; empty – 0-1% of the daily allowance.
MINERAL ELEMENTS
Macroelements
| Name | Content, mass fraction per 100 g of product | % of daily requirement | |
| in numbers | Visually | ||
| Potassium | 77.0-343.0 mg | 9.8 |  |
| Calcium | 3.08-16.74 mg | 0.9 | |
| Silicon | 2.0-5.0 mg | 11.7 | |
| Magnesium | 3.3-9.0 mg | 1.6 | |
| Sodium | 2.0-3.0 mg | 0.2 | |
| Sulfur | 5.0 mg | 0.5 | |
| Phosphorus | 8.9-25.1 mg | 2.1 | |
| Chlorine | 2.0 mg | 0.1 | |
Trace elements and ultra-trace elements
| Name | Content, mass fraction per 100 g of product | % of daily requirement | |
| in numbers | Visually | ||
| Aluminum | 110.0 μg | 0.3 | |
| Boron | 245.0 | 350.0 |   |
| Vanadium | 4.0 | 12.5 | |
| Iron | 0.124-2.200 mg | 10.5 | |
| Iodine | 2.0 mcg | 1.4 | |
| Cobalt | 1.0 μg | 10.0 | |
| Lithium | 0.8 | 0.8 | |
| Manganese | 27.0-87.0 μg | 2.9 | |
| Copper | 5.0-70.0 μg | 3.8 | |
| Molybdenum | 6.0 | 8.6 | |
| Arsenic | 0.3 | 2.5 | |
| Nickel | 17.0 | 11.3 | |
| Tin | 3.0 μg | 0.2 | |
| Rubidium | 63.0 | 63.0 |  |
| Lead | 0.04 | 0.4 | |
| Selenium | 0.30 μg | 0.5 | |
| Strontium | 3.4 μg | 0.4 | |
| Thallium | 0.05 | 2.5 | |
| Fluorine | 3.3 μg | 0.08 | |
| Chromium | 4.0 μg | 8.0 | |
| Zinc | 32.0-150.0 mcg | 0.1 | |
PROTEINS AND AMINO ACIDS
| Name | Content, mass fraction per 100 g of product | % of daily value | |
| in figures | Visually | ||
| Total protein content | 0.26 g | 0.3 | |
| Essential amino acid content | 0.071 g | 0.3 | |
| Content of replaceable amino acids | 0.224 g | 0.4 | |
Essential amino acids
| Acid name | Content, g per 100 g of product | % of daily requirement | |
| in numbers | Visually | ||
| Valine | 0.010 | 0.4 | |
| Histidine | 0.004 g | 0.2 | |
| Isoleucine | 0.009 g | 0.5 | |
| Leucine | 0.014 g | 0.3 | |
| Lysine | 0.013 g | 0.3 | |
| Methionine | 0.003 g | 0.2 | |
| Threonine | 0.008 g | 0.3 | |
| Tryptophan | 0.003 g | 0.3 | |
| Phenylalanine | 0.007 g | 0.2 | |
Non-essential amino acids
| Acid name | Content, g per 100 g of product | % of daily value | |
| In numbers | Visually | ||
| Alanine | 0.011 g | 0.2 | |
| Arginine | 0.006 g | 0.1 | |
| Aspartic acid | 0.078 g | 0.6 | |
| Glycine | 0.008 g | 0.2 | |
| Glutamic acid | 0.022 g | 0.2 | |
| Proline | 0.083 g | 1.8 | |
| Serine | 0.011 g | 0.1 | |
| Tyrosine | 0.004 g | 0.1 | |
| Cystine | 0.001 g | 0.06 | |
FATS AND FATTY ACIDS
| Name | Content, mass fraction per 100 g of product | % of daily allowance | |
| in figures | Visually | ||
| Total fat content | 0.17 g | 0.2 | |
| Unsaturated fatty acid content | 0.205 g | 0.5 | |
| Omega-3 unsaturated fatty acid content | 0.041 g | 4.1 | |
| Omega-6 unsaturated fatty acid content | 0.154 g | 1.5 | |
| Saturated fatty acid content | 0.066 g | 0.3 | |
Unsaturated fatty acids
| Acid name | Content, g per 100 g of product |
| Palmitoleic C 16:1 (omega-7) | 0.0 |
| Oleic C 18:1 (omega-9) | 0.010 |
| Linoleic C 18:2 (omega-6) | 0.154 g |
| Linolenic C 18:3 (omega-3) | 0.041 |
| Stearidonic acid C 18:4 (omega-3) | 0.0 |
| Gadoleic C 20:1 (omega-11) | 0.0 |
| Arachidonic C 20:4 (omega-6) | 0.0 |
| Eicosapentaenoic acid C 20:5 (omega-3) | 0.0 |
| Erucic acid C 22:1 (omega-9) | 0.0 |
| Clupanoic acid C 22:5 (omega-3) | 0.0 |
| Docosahexaenoic C 22:6 (omega-3) | 0.0 |
| Nervonic acid C 24:1 (omega-9) | 0.0 |
Saturated fatty acids
| Acid name | Content, g per 100 g of product |
| Lauric C 12:0 | 0.0 |
| Myristic C 14:0 | 0.0 |
| Palmitic acid C 16:0 | 0.056 g |
| Stearic acid C 18:0 | 0.010 g |
| Arachidic C 20:0 | 0.0 g |
| Behenic C 22:0 | 0.0 g |
| Lignoceric acid C 24:0 | 0.0 g |
Sterols
| Name | Content, mass fraction per 100 g of product | % of daily allowance | |
| in figures | Visually | ||
| Total phytosterols | 12.0 mg | 21.8 |  |
| Campesterol | No data | ||
| Beta-sitosterol | No data | ||
| Stigmasterol | No data | ||
| Cholesterol | 0.0 mg | 0 | – |
CARBOHYDRATES
| Name | Content, mass fraction per 100 g of product | % of daily allowance | |
| in numbers | Visually | ||
| Total carbohydrate content | 13.81 g | 3.9 | |
| Mono- and disaccharides | 9.0-10.39 g | 19.6 | |
| Glucose | 1.68-2.43 g | 11.4 | |
| Fructose | 5.86 g | 16.7 | |
| Galactose | 0.0 g | 0.0 | |
| Sucrose | 0.57-2.07 g | – | – |
| Lactose | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Starch | 0.05 g | – | – |
| Maltose | 0.0 | – | – |
| Fiber | 2.4 | 9.6 | |
| Pectin | 0.5-1.1 g | 16.0 | |
PURINE BASES
| Name | Content, mass fraction per 100 g of product | % of daily requirement | |
| in numbers | Visually | ||
| Purine content | 6 mg | 5.0 | |
Units of measurement:
Piece: 90.0-200.0 g
Teacup: 250.0 g
Faceted glass: 200.0 g
Teaspoon: 7.0 g
Tablespoon: 20.0 g