Monographs 1. Konovalova O.Yu., Lebeda A.P. Healing Herbs (St. John’s Wort in the Therapy and Prevention of Diseases). – Kyiv: Medkniga, 2008. – 288 p. 2. Kovalov V.M., Konovalova O.Yu., Serbin A.H., Sobko V.H., Shevera M.V., Shelyag-Sosonko Yu.R. Andriy Pylypovych Lebeda. Biobibliography. – Kyiv: Phytosociocenter, 2010. – 44 p. 3. Konovalova O.Yu. Botanical-Pharmacognostic Study of…
Rule sixteen – let’s start competing! How to remember the formulas of thioglycosides? You have one last section of pharmacognosy to consider, and it is not the most difficult one. Gather yourself – the finale is near! Thioglycosides – compounds that contain sulfur – are a complex of substances from the mustard plant…
Rule fifteen – it is useful to doubt. How to remember vitamin formulas? You should already know the formulas of vitamins from the course of bioorganic chemistry, so we will not dwell on most of them. We will only consider three vitamins for which the content is standardized in pharmacognosy for medicinal…
Rule fourteen – the exam will not be postponed. How to remember alkaloid formulas? Alkaloids are compounds that are very diverse in structure. A common feature is the presence of a nitrogen atom in the molecule and the pathway of biosynthesis (they are formed from amino acids, except for pseudoalkaloids). A.P. Orekhov…
The fortieth rule – 13 – the fateful number! How to remember the formulas of tannins? Since tannins (= tannins = tannins) are complex esters of phenolic carboxylic acids or products of the condensation of certain flavonoids, most of the formulas related to this section you already know (I hope!)…
Rule twelve – it’s time to train! How to remember the formulas of flavonoids? Recall silibin. Remember, it was during the study of this flavolignan that we already considered the general structure of flavonoid molecules. This is a structure of the type C6C3(with a heteroatom O)–C6, and opposite the heteroatom in flavonoids, a…
Rule eleven – do not be haughty make way. How to remember the formulas of chromones? Chromones are derivatives of 9,10–benzogamma–pyrone. The Latin letter “gamma” indicates that the carbonyl group is located opposite the heteroatom of oxygen (in the para position). 9,10–Benzogamma–pyrone (= Chromone) Among simple chromones, 3-methylchromone…
Rule nine – Hide your crumpled cheat sheets! How to remember the formulas of anthraquinone derivatives? The formulas of anthraquinone derivatives usually do not seem complicated enough for students. The main thing to remember is that at the core of their structure, all of them contain 3 conjugated benzene rings. Anthracene…
Rule eight: we do not ask for leniency. How to remember the formulas of xanthones? We have just completed the study of lignan formulas by examining the structure of flavolignans and, in particular, flavonoids that are part of their composition. At the moment, the knowledge we have gained will be useful. If flavonoids have…
Rule number seven – it is fraught to agree with everything. How to remember the formulas of lignans? At the beginning of studying the formulas of lignans, you need to clearly imagine where their “head” is and where the “tail” is. Look at them closely: the “head” is the benzene ring (it even…