Cedar nut

ByОлена Коновалова
CEDAR NUT
          Cedar nuts, like all nuts, are a very high-calorie product. Its seeds (nuts) are characterized by a fairly high content of a number of vitamins, minerals, unsaturated fatty acids (especially polyunsaturated omega-6 fatty acids, in particular linoleic acid), as well as phytosterols.
     Cedar nuts are rich in gamma-tocopherol (74.3% of the daily requirement in 100 g), alpha-tocopherol (62.2%), vitamin K (phylloquinone) (44.9%), nicotinic acid (vitamin PP) (24.6%), vitamin B1 (thiamine) (22.2%), biotin (20.0%), vitamin B2 (riboflavin) (11.3%), and choline (11.2%).
     The mineral composition is dominated by: manganese (447.3%), vanadium (232.5%), boron (214.3%), cobalt (211.0%), silicon (166.7%), copper (134.5%), zirconium (102.8%), phosphorus (72.5%), silver (70.7%), magnesium (63.8%), zinc (52.6%), rubidium (44.0%), iron (36.2%), molybdenum (35.7%), chromium (35.4%), potassium (24.3%), sulfur (15.0%), selenium (10.4%).
      Cedar nuts contain proteins (17.1%), which include essential and non-essential amino acids (20.0% and 18.1% of the daily requirement per 100 g, respectively). Valine (27.6%) and isoleucine (27.0%) predominate among the essential amino acids; arginine (39.5%) predominates among the non-essential amino acids.
     However, pine nuts are particularly notable for their content of unsaturated fatty acids (128.9%), especially polyunsaturated omega-6 fatty acids (349.8%, namely linoleic acid).
     The content of unsaturated eicosanoids (= fatty acids containing 20 carbon atoms; from the Greek "είкоси" (eikos) – 20) in pine nuts is very interesting, as eicosanoids are synthesized in the human body as paracrine hormones. Paracrine hormones are "local action" hormones that control virtually all metabolic processes – vascular tone, blood pressure, and the condition of the bronchi, intestines, and uterus.
     The eicosanoids contained in pine nuts are: gadolenic (eicosenoic) acid 20:1, omega-11 (0.870 g); eicosadienoic acid C 20:2, omega-6 (0.404 g) and eicosatrienoic acid C 20:3, omega-3 (0.350 g). These acids are extremely rare in plants and are valuable as potential sources of mediators of metabolic reactions – eicosanoids.
      Pine nuts are also characterized by a high content of phytosterols (256.4% of the daily norm in 100 g), the main part of which is beta-sitosterol (330.0%), which allows pine nuts to be classified as a women's product (for more details, see Avocado).
       Pine nuts contain fiber (14.8%), starch (1.43 g per 100 g), and a fairly large amount of sucrose (3.45 g).
       The content of purine bases in 100 g is 10.0% of the daily norm.
     The oxalic acid content in 100 g is 198 mg, which is 49.5% of the maximum permissible daily intake (for more details, see Rhubarb).

Calories per 100 g: 673 kcal
Water per 100 g: 2.28 g
Ash per 100 g: 2.59 g

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
 
Vitamins, macro- and microelements, nutrients per 100 g
VITAMINS
Name Content, mass fraction per 100 g of product % of daily requirement
in numbers visually
Vitamin B1 (thiamine) 0.220-0.535 mg 22.2 20
Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) 0.201-0.249 mg 11.3 10
Vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid) 0.288-0.359 mg 6.5 5
Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) 0.057-0.134 mg 4.8 5
Vitamin B9 (folic acid) 31.0-36.0 mcg 8.4 10
Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) 0.0 0 0
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) 0.8 1 0
Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) 9.3 62 60
Beta-tocopherol 0 0 0
Gamma-tocopherol 11.15 74 70
Delta-tocopherol 0 0 0
Vitamin D (ergocalciferol) 0.0 0 0
Vitamin PP (nicotinic acid) 4.01-5.84 mg 24.6 30
Vitamin K (phylloquinone) 53.9 44.9 40
Biotin 10.0 20 20
Beta-carotene 17.0 0 0
Alpha-carotene 0.0 0 0
Lutein + zeaxanthin 9.0 0.2 0
Beta-cryptoxanthin 0.0 0 0
Lycopene 0.0 0 0
Choline 55.8 11.2 10
Methylmethionine sulfonium (vitamin U) 0 0 0
Betaine trimethylglycine 0 0.0 0

* Full jug – 100% of the daily norm; empty – 0-1% of the daily norm.

MINERAL ELEMENTS

Macroelements

Name Content, mass fraction per 100 g of product % of daily requirement
in numbers Visually
Potassium 518.0-696.0 mg 24.3 30
Calcium 14.0-23.0 mg 1.6 0
Silicon 50.0 mg 166.7 10070
Magnesium 236.0-263.0 mg 63.8 60
Sodium 2 0 0
Sulfur 150.0 mg 15 20
Phosphorus 530.0-630.0 mg 72.5 70
Chlorine 41 1.8 0

Microelements and ultramicroelements

Name Content, mass fraction per 100 g of product % of daily requirement
in numbers Visually
Aluminum 1500.0 μg 4.0 5
Boron 150.0 214.3 10010010
Vanadium 93.0 232.5 10010030
Iron 4.89-6.00 mg 36.2 40
Iodine 2.0-25.0 mcg 8.3 10
Cobalt 21.1 211.0 10010010
Lithium 0.6 0.6 0
Manganese 7590.0-10300.0 μg 447.3 10010010010050
Copper 1260.0-1430.0 μg 134.5 10030
Molybdenum 25.0 35.7 30
Arsenic 0.63 5.3 5
Nickel 4.6-7.3 μg 4.0 5
Tin 35.0 1.8 0
Rubidium 44.0 44.0 40
Lead 0.01 0.1 0
Selenium 0.5-13.0 μg 10.4 10
Silver 2.8-7.1 μg 70.7 70
Strontium 17.0 2.1 5
Thallium 0.05 2.5 5
Titanium 45.0 5.3 5
Fluorine 50.0 1.3 0
Chromium 17.7 35.4 40
Zinc 5850.0-6770.0 μg 52.6 50
Zirconium 51.4 102.8 1005

 

PROTEINS AND AMINO ACIDS

 

Name Content, mass fraction per 100 g of product % of daily allowance
in numbers visually
Total protein content 13.69 17.1 20
Essential amino acid content 4.36 20 20
Content of replaceable amino acids 10.32 18.1 20

 

Essential amino acids

 

Acid name Content, g per 100 g of product % of daily requirement
in numbers Visually
Valine 0.690 g 27.6 30
Histidine 0.340 g 16.2 20
Isoleucine 0.540 g 27.0 30
Leucine 0.990 g 21.5 20
Lysine 0.540 g 13.2 10
Methionine 0.260 g 14.4 20
Threonine 0.370 g 15.4 20
Tryptophan 0.110 g 11.0 10
Phenylalanine 0.520 g 17.3 20

 

Non-essential amino acids

 

Acid name Content, g per 100 g of product % of daily requirement
in numbers Visually
Alanine 0.680 g 10.3 10
Arginine 2.410 g 39.5 40
Aspartic acid 1.300 g 10.7 10
Glycine 0.690 g 19.7 20
Glutamic acid 2.930 g 21.5 20
Proline 0.670 g 14.9 20
Serine 0.840 g 10.1 10
Tyrosine 0.510 g 17.0 20
Cystine 0.290 g 16.1 20



FATS AND FATTY ACIDS

 

Name Content, mass fraction per 100 g of product % of daily allowance
in numbers Visually
Total fat content 68.37 68.4 70
Unsaturated fatty acid content 52.83 128.9 10030
Omega-3 unsaturated fatty acid content 0.510-0.528 g 51.9 50
Omega-6 unsaturated fatty acid content 33.554-36.404 g 349.8 10010010050
Saturated fatty acid content 7.9 31.9 30

 

Unsaturated fatty acids

 

Acid name Content, g per 100 g of product
Palmitoleic C 16:1 (omega-7) 0.018
Heptadecamonoenoic C 17:1 (omega-9) 0
Oleic C 18:1 (omega-9) 17.950-19.500 g
Linoleic C 18:2 (omega-6) 33.150-36.000 g
Linolenic C 18:3 (omega-3) 0.160-0.178 g
Stearidonic C 18:4 (omega-3) 0
Gadoleic C 20:1 (omega-11) 0.87
Eicosadienoic C 20:2 (omega-6) 0.4
Eicosatrienoic C 20:3 (omega-3) 0.350
Arachidonic C 20:4 (omega-6) 0
Eicosapentaenoic acid C 20:5 (omega-3) 0
Erucic acid C 22:1 (omega-9) 0
Clupanoid C 22:5 (omega-3) 0
Docosahexaenoic C 22:6 (omega-3) 0
Nervonova C 24:1 (omega-9) 0

 

Saturated fatty acids

 

Acid name Content, g per 100 g of product
Caprylic 8:0 0
Capric 10:0 0
Lauric C 12:0 0
Myristinic acid C 14:0 0
Pentadecanoic acid 15:0 0.0
Palmitic acid C 16:0 3.210-3.490 g
Margarine C 17:0 0
Stearic C 18:0 1.390-1.510 g
Arachidic C 20:0 0.230-0.249 g
Behenic C 22:0 0.074 g
Lignoceric C 24:0 0

 

Sterols

 

Name Content, mass fraction per 100 g of product % of daily requirement
in numbers Visually
Total phytosterols 141.0 256.4 10010060
Campesterol 18.6-20.0 mg 36.4 40
Beta-sitosterol 109.0-132.0 mg 330.0 10010010030
Stigmasterol 0 0 0
Delta-5-avenasterol 38.2 69.5 70
Cholesterol 0 0 –

 

CARBOHYDRATES

 

Name Content, mass fraction per 100 g of product % of daily requirement
in numbers Visually
Total carbohydrate content 13.08 3.7 5
Mono- and disaccharides 3.59 7.2 10
Glucose 0.07 0.7 0
Fructose 0.07 0 0
Galactose 0 0.0 0
Sucrose 3.45 – –
Lactose 0 0 0
Starch 1.43 –  –
Maltose 0 – –
Fiber 3.7 14.8 20
Pectin 0.15 3 5
PURINE BASES
Name Content, mass fraction per 100 g of product % of daily requirement
in numbers Visually
Purine content 13.0 10.0 10

Units of measurement:

Piece (weight of one nut): 0.2-0.3 g
Teaspoon: 250.0 g
Glass: 200.0 g
Teaspoon: 7.0 g
Tablespoon: 20.0 g

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