Prunes

ByОлена Коновалова
PRUNES
     Prunes are produced on an industrial scale by tunnel air drying fresh plums using a convective method at temperatures ranging from 60 to 85ºC and humidity of 20-24%. The drying is carried out in special drying tunnels, where hot air heated by gas burners is passed through the mass of fruits.
     The finished prunes are often treated with glycerin or fat – this gives them a glossy appearance. Before consumption, it is advisable to remove the fat and glycerin by washing the prunes thoroughly first in hot water and then in cold water.
      Unlike fresh plum fruits, prunes are quite rich in vitamins, mineral elements, and have a very high sugar content (especially monosaccharides, with glucose being predominant). This fact is explained by the hydrolysis of sucrose, which is present in sufficient quantities in plums, into glucose and fructose during thermal processing.
     Prunes contain the sugar alcohol sorbitol, which is a mild stimulant for the large intestine and improves its passage. It is responsible for the laxative effect of prunes even when consumed in small doses (70 g/day) and prevents excessive darkening of prunes due to its resistance to caramelization. The sorbitol content in prunes is very high – 6.0-14.7 g per 100 g.
     Prunes contain a number of vitamins, the content of which in fresh plums is significantly lower: vitamin K (phylloquinone) (49.6% of the daily norm in 100 g), alpha-tocopherol (15.1%), beta-carotene (10.2%), vitamin PP (nicotinic acid) (9.6%), pantothenic acid (9.2%), vitamin B1 (thiamine) (9.1%); at the same time, the content of ascorbic acid in prunes is lower than in fresh plums (13.6% of the daily norm in 100 g of fresh plums, only 5% in prunes).
     The mineral composition is quite rich, dominated by: boron (81.7%), silicon (65.0%), rubidium (44.0%), nickel (41.3%), cobalt (40.0%), copper (38.0%), chromium (22.6%), manganese (18.8%), vanadium (15.3%), molybdenum (13.7%), potassium (13.3%), phosphorus (9.9%), magnesium (8.9%), iron (8.2%).
     Prunes contain phytosterols (15.5%); carbohydrates (18.3%), especially notable for their content of mono- and disaccharides (113.8%), among which glucose (254.6%) predominates; fiber (28.4%), pectin (24.0%), small amounts of sucrose (0.15 g per 100 g) and maltose (0.60 g per 100 g); starch (5.1 g per 100 g).
     The content of purine bases in 100 g of prunes is low and amounts to 6.7% of the daily norm.
Caloric content per 100 g: 240-256 kcal
Water per 100 g: 20.9-48.3 g
Ash from 100 g: 1.6-2.8 g
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
 
Vitamins, macro- and microelements, nutrients per 100 g
VITAMINS
Name Content, mass fraction per 100 g of product % of daily norm
in numbers visually*
Vitamin B1 (thiamine) 0.062-0.093 mg 9.1% 10
Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) 0.075-0.102 mg 4.4% 5
Vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid) 0.460 mg 9.2% 10
Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) 0.117-0.177 mg 7.4% 10
Vitamin B9 (folic acid) 3.9-5.4 µg 1.2% 0
Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) 0.0 µg 0.0% 0
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) 2.0-5.0 mg 5.0% 5
Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) 1.51-3.03 mg 15.1% 20
Beta-tocopherol 0.0 mg 0.0% 0
Gamma-tocopherol 0.02-1.20 mg 4.1% 5
Delta-tocopherol 0.3 mg 2.0% 5
Vitamin D (ergocalciferol) 0.0 µg 0.0% 0
Vitamin PP (nicotinic acid) 1.88-1.95 mg 9.6% 10
Vitamin K (phylloquinone) 59.5 µg 49.6% 50
Biotin 0.8 µg 1.6% 0
Beta-carotene 318.0-698.0 µg 10.2% 10
Alpha-carotene 57.0 µg 1.1% 0
Lutein + zeaxanthin 148.0 µg 2.5% 5
Beta-cryptoxanthin 93.0 µg 1.9% 5
Lycopene 0.0 µg 0.0% 0
Choline 10.1 mg 2.0% 5
Betaine trimethylglycine 0.4 mg 0.04% 0

* Full jug – 100% of daily norm; empty – 0-1% of daily norm.

MINERAL ELEMENTS

Macroelements

Name Content, mass fraction per 100 g of product % of daily norm
in numbers visually
Potassium 55.0-609.0 mg 13.3% 20
Calcium 21.0-72.0 mg 4.2% 5
Silicon 19.5 mg 65.0% 70
Magnesium 19.5-48.5 mg 8.9% 10
Sodium 1.8-4.3 mg 0.2% 0
Sulfur 43.2 mg 4.3% 5
Phosphorus 72.9-84.7 mg 9.9% 10
Chlorine 3.0 mg 0.1% 0

Microelements

Name Content, mass fraction per 100 g of product % of daily norm
in numbers visually
Aluminum 337.6 µg 0.9% 0
Boron 57.2 µg 81.7% 80
Vanadium 6.1 µg 15.3% 20
Iron 0.36-2.10 mg 8.2% 10
Iodine 0.55-1.00 µg 0.5% 0
Cobalt 4.0 µg 40.0% 40
Manganese 360.0-390.0 µg 18.8% 20
Copper 370.0-390.0 µg 38.0% 40
Molybdenum 9.6 µg 13.7% 20
Nickel 62.0 µg 41.3% 40
Rubidium 44.0 µg 44.0% 50
Selenium 0.3-1.0 µg 1.0% 0
Fluorine 4.0 µg 0.1% 0
Chromium 11.3 µg 22.6% 20
Zinc 480.0-560.0 µg 4.3% 5
Zirconium 0.9 µg 1.8% 0

 

PROTEINS AND AMINO ACIDS

 

Name Content, mass fraction per 100 g of product % of daily norm
in numbers visually
Total protein content 2.18-3.10 g 3.3% 5
Content of essential amino acids 0.355-0.417 g 1.8% 0
Content of non-essential amino acids 1.240-1.495 g 2.4% 5

 

Essential Amino Acids

 

Name of the acid Content, g per 100 g of product % of daily norm
in numbers visually
Valine 0.056-0.068 2.5% 5
Histidine 0.027 1.3% 0
Isoleucine 0.041-0.047 2.2% 5
Leucine 0.066-0.073 1.5% 0
Lysine 0.050-0.060 1.3% 0
Methionine 0.012-0.016 0.8% 0
Threonine 0.043-0.049 1.9% 5
Tryptophan 0.009-0.025 1.7% 0
Phenylalanine 0.051-0.052 1.7% 0

 

Non-Essential Amino Acids

 

Name of the acid Content, g per 100 g of product % of daily norm
in numbers visually
Alanine 0.064-0.066 1.0% 0
Arginine 0.035-0.037 0.6% 0
Aspartic acid 0.801-1.000 7.4% 10
Glycine 0.047-0.051 1.4% 0
Glutamic acid 0.090-0.114 0.8% 0
Proline 0.120-0.130 2.8% 5
Serine 0.059-0.064 0.7% 0
Tyrosine 0.021-0.022 0.7% 0
Cystine 0.003-0.011 0.4% 0



FATS AND FATTY ACIDS

 

Name Content, mass fraction per 100 g of product % of daily norm
in numbers visually
Total fat content 0.38 g 0.4% 0
Content of unsaturated fatty acids 0.289-0.557 g 1.0% 0
Content of omega-3 unsaturated fatty acids 0.117-0.200 g 15.9% 20
Content of omega-6 unsaturated fatty acids 0.040-0.217 g 1.3% 0
Content of saturated fatty acids 0.056-0.097 g 0.3% 0

 

Unsaturated Fatty Acids

 

Name of the acid Content, g per 100 g of product
Palmitoleic C 16:1 (omega-7) 0.0 g
Oleic C 18:1 (omega-9) 0.132-0.140 g
Linoleic C 18:2 (omega-6) 0.040-0.217 g
Linolenic C 18:3 (omega-3) 0.117-0.200 g
Stearidonic C 18:4 (omega-3) 0.0 g
Gadoleic C 20:1 (omega-11) 0.0 g
Arachidonic C 20:4 (omega-6) 0.0 g
Eicosapentaenoic C 20:5 (omega-3) 0.0 g
Erucic C 22:1 (omega-9) 0.0 g
Clupanodonic C 22:5 (omega-3) 0.0 g
Docosahexaenoic C 22:6 (omega-3) 0.0 g
Nervonic C 24:1 (omega-9) 0.0 g

 

Saturated Fatty Acids

 

Name of the acid Content, g per 100 g of product
Caprylic C 8:0 0.007-0.010 g
Capric C 10:0 0.005-0.010 g
Lauric C 12:0 0.001 g
Myristic C 14:0 0.0 g
Palmitic C 16:0 0.015-0.030 g
Stearic C 18:0 0.026-0.044 g
Arachidic C 20:0 0.001 g
Behenic C 22:0 0.001 g
Lignoceric C 24:0 0.0 g

 

Sterols

 

Name Content, mass fraction per 100 g of product % of daily norm
in numbers visually
Total phytosterols 8.5 mg 15.5% 20
Campesterol 1.0 µg 1.8% 0
Beta-sitosterol 2.4 µg 6.0% 5
Stigmasterol 1.1 µg 3.1% 5
Cholesterol 0.0 mg 0% –

 

CARBOHYDRATES

 

Name Content, mass fraction per 100 g of product % of Daily Value
in figures visually
Total carbohydrate content 63.88 g 18.3% 20
Mono- and disaccharides 56.9 g 113.8% 10020
Glucose 25.46 g 254.6% 10010050
Fructose 12.45 g 35.6% 40
Galactose 0.0 g 0.0% 0
Sucrose 0.15 g – –
Lactose 0.0 g 0.0% 0
Starch 5.1 g – –
Maltose 0.60 g – –
Fiber 7.1 g 28.4% 30
Pectin 0.9-1.5 g 24.0% 30

PURINE BASES

 
Name Content, mass fraction per 100 g of product % of Daily Value
in figures visually
Total purine content 8.0 mg 6.7% 5
Units of measurement:
Piece: 6.0-10.0 g
Tea glass: 250.0 g
Faceted glass: 200.0 g
Teaspoon: 7.0 g
Tablespoon: 20.0 g

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