Peas

ByОлена Коновалова
PEAS
          Peas is characterized by a high content of numerous mineral elements, as well as vitamins, proteins, essential and non-essential amino acids, phytosterols, fiber, and purines.
     Consequently, peas are rich in vitamin K (phylloquinone) (67.5% of the daily value per 100 g), vitamin B1 (thiamine) (46.8%), pantothenic acid (40.0%), choline (19.2%), gamma-tocopherol (13.9%), vitamin PP (nicotinic acid) (12.8%), folic acid (9.3%), and vitamin B2 (riboflavin) (9.0%).
     The mineral composition of peas is diverse and rich in macro-, micro-, and ultramicroelements. It predominantly contains: boron (957.1%), vanadium (375.0%), silicon (276.7%), nickel (159.3%), cobalt (131.0%), molybdenum (120.3%), copper (69.0%), manganese (64.0%), phosphorus (51.3%), potassium (50.4%), iron (38.0%), zinc (33.3%), zirconium (22.4%), titanium (21.3%), selenium (20.2%), sulfur (19.0%), chromium (18.0%), lead (17.0%), magnesium (16.7%), rubidium (11.6%), and strontium (10.0%). In trace amounts, peas contain relatively rare microelements for food products, such as bromine (0.8% of the daily value per 100 g) and germanium (0.6%, respectively).
     Peas are distinguished by their content of proteins (30.7%) and essential and non-essential amino acids (37.4% and 23.6% per 100 g, respectively). Notably, the concentration of all detected amino acids in peas (per 100 g) exceeds 10% of the daily value. Peas are particularly rich in essential amino acids: isoleucine (48.3%) and valine (47.2%); among non-essential amino acids, arginine predominates (34.3%).
    Peas are characterized by a high content of phytosterols (245.5% of the daily value per 100 g), primarily beta-sitosterol (125.0%), which allows peas to be classified as “women’s products” (for further details, see Avocado).
       The total carbohydrate content in peas is significant (15.7%), including mono- and disaccharides (12.6%), with glucose (21.0%) being the major component; however, fiber (102.0% of the daily value per 100 g) is the dominant element in the carbohydrate profile. Peas contain significant amounts of starch (39.4 g per 100 g), sugars (2.37 g per 100 g), and pectin (12.0% of the daily value per 100 g).
      Patients with gout should note that peas are characterized by a high concentration of total purine bases: 56.0% of the daily value per 100 g.
     The oxalic acid content per 100 g is low (6 mg), representing 1.5% of the maximum allowable daily intake (for further details, see Rhubarb).
      Peas exhibit a capacity to accumulate the toxic ultramicroelement lead (17.0% of the daily value per 100 g) and the toxic microelement strontium (10.0%, respectively).
Caloric value per 100 g: 341 kcal
Water in 100 g: 11.27 g
Ash from 100 g: 2.65 g

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
 
Vitamins, macro- and microelements, nutrients per 100 g
VITAMINS
Name Content, mass fraction per 100 g of product % of daily value
in numbers visually*
Vitamin B1 (thiamine) 0.686-0.904 mg 46.8% 50
Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) 0.152-0.206 mg 9.0% 10
Vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid) 2.00 mg 40.0% 40
Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) 0.05-0.103 mg 3.9% 5
Vitamin B9 (folic acid) 17.8-56.4 mcg 9.3% 10
Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) 0.0 mcg 0.0% 0
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) 1.0-1.4 mg 1.7% 0
Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) 0.09 mg 0.6% 0
Beta-tocopherol 0.0 mg 0.0% 0
Gamma-tocopherol 2.09 mg 13.9% 20
Delta-tocopherol 0.09 mg 0.6% 0
Vitamin D (ergocalciferol) 0.0 mcg 0.0% 0
Vitamin PP (nicotinic acid) 2.4-2.7 mg 12.8% 10
Vitamin K (phylloquinone) 81.0 mcg 67.5% 70
Biotin 0.5 mcg 1.0% 0
Beta-carotene 11.0-89.0 mcg 1.0% 0
Alpha-carotene 1.25 mcg 0.03% 0
Lutein + zeaxanthin 74.0 mcg 1.2% 0
Beta-cryptoxanthin 0.0 mcg 0.0% 0
Lycopene 0.0 mcg 0.0% 0
Choline 95.5 mg 19.2% 20
Methylmethionine sulfonium (Vitamin U) 0.0 mg 0.0% 0
Betaine trimethylglycine 10.3 mg 1.0% 0

* Full jug – 100% daily norm; empty – 0-1% daily norm.

MINERAL ELEMENTS

Macroelements

 

Name Content, mass fraction per 100 g of product % of daily norm
in numbers visually
Potassium 968.0-1550.0 mg 50.4% 50
Calcium 13.2-115.0 mg 5.8% 5
Silicon 83.0 mg 276.7% 10010080
Magnesium 18.7-115.0 mg 16.7% 20
Sodium 3.1-61.0 mg 2.5% 5
Sulfur 190.0 mg 19.0% 20
Phosphorus 323.0-498.0 mg 51.3% 50
Chlorine 137.0 mg 6.0% 5

 

Microelements and Ultramicroelements

 

Name Content, mass fraction per 100 g of product % of daily norm
in numbers visually
Aluminum 1180.0 µg 3.1% 5
Boron 670.0 µg 957.1% 10010010010010010010010010060
Bromine 15.0 µg 0.8% 0
Vanadium 150.0 µg 375.0% 100100
Germanium 2.2 µg 0.6% 0
Iron 4.6-6.8 mg 38.0% 40
Iodine 0.150-0.700 µg 0.3% 0
Cobalt 13.1 µg 131.0% 10030
Lithium 3.1 µg 3.1% 5
Manganese 810.0-1750.0 µg 64.0% 60
Copper 530.0-850.0 µg 69.0% 70
Molybdenum 84.2 µg 120.3% 10020
Arsenic 0.5 µg 4.2% 5
Nickel 120.0-358.0 µg 159.3% 10060
Tin 16.2 µg 0.8% 0
Rubidium 11.6 µg 11.6% 10
Lead 1.5-1.9 µg 17.0% 20
Selenium 13.1 µg 20.2% 20
Strontium 80.0 µg 10.0% 10
Thallium 0.01 µg 5.0% 0
Titanium 181.0 µg 21.3% 20
Fluorine 30.0 µg 0.8% 0
Chromium 9.0 µg 18.0% 20
Zinc 3100.0-4900.0 µg 33.3% 30
Zirconium 11.2 µg 22.4% 20

 

PROTEINS AND AMINO ACIDS

 

Name Content, mass fraction per 100 g of product % of daily norm
in numbers visually
Total protein content 24.55 g 30.7% 30
Content of essential amino acids 7.48-8.82 g 37.4% 40
Content of non-essential amino acids 12.21-14.65 g 23.6% 20

 

Essential Amino Acids

 

Name of acid Content, g per 100 g of product % of daily norm
in numbers visually
Valine 1.160-1.200 g 47.2% 50
Histidine 0.490-0.600 g 25.9% 30
Isoleucine 0.920-1.010 g 48.3% 50
Leucine 1.400-1.760 g 34.3% 40
Lysine 1.500-1.770 g 39.9% 40
Methionine 0.170-0.250 g 11.7% 10
Threonine 0.740-0.820 g 32.5% 30
Tryptophan 0.180-0.280 g 23.0% 20
Phenylalanine 0.920-1.130 g 34.2% 40

 

Non-Essential Amino Acids

 

Name of acid Content, g per 100 g of product % of daily norm
in numbers visually
Alanine 0.920-1.080 g 15.2% 20
Arginine 2.000-2.190 g 34.3% 40
Aspartic acid 2.500-2.900 g 22.1% 20
Glycine 0.850-1.090 g 27.7% 30
Glutamic acid 3.300-4.200 g 27.6% 30
Proline 0.880-1.010 g 21.0% 20
Serine 1.080-1.100 g 13.1% 10
Tyrosine 0.530-0.710 g 20.7% 20
Cystine 0.150-0.370 g 14.4% 10



FATS AND FATTY ACIDS

 

Name Content, mass fraction per 100 g of product % of Daily Value (DV)
in figures visually
Total Fat content 1.16 g 1.2% 0
Unsaturated Fatty Acids content 0.737 g 1.8% 0
Omega-3 Unsaturated Fatty Acids content 0.084 g 8.4% 10
Omega-6 Unsaturated Fatty Acids content 0.411 g 4.1% 5
Saturated Fatty Acids content 0.161 g 0.6% 0

 

Unsaturated Fatty Acids

 

Acid Name Content, g per 100 g of product
Palmitoleic C 16:1 (omega-7) 0.0 g
Oleic C 18:1 (omega-9) 0.232 g
Linoleic C 18:2 (omega-6) 0.411 g
Linolenic C 18:3 (omega-3) 0.084 g
Stearidonic C 18:4 (omega-3) 0.0 g
Gadoleic C 20:1 (omega-11) 0.010 g
Arachidonic C 20:4 (omega-6) 0.0 g
Eicosapentaenoic C 20:5 (omega-3) 0.0 g
Erucic C 22:1 (omega-9) 0.0 g
Clupanodonic C 22:5 (omega-3) 0.0 g
Docosahexaenoic C 22:6 (omega-3) 0.0 g
Nervonic C 24:1 (omega-9) 0.0 g

 

Saturated Fatty Acids

 

Acid Name Content, g per 100 g of product
Lauric C 12:0 0.003 g
Myristic C 14:0 0.002 g
Pentadecanoic 15:0 0.0 g
Palmitic C 16:0 0.125 g
Stearic C 18:0 0.031 g
Arachidic C 20:0 0.0 g
Behenic C 22:0 0.0 g
Lignoceric C 24:0 0.0 g

 

Sterols

 

Name Content, mass fraction per 100 g of product % of Daily Value (DV)
in figures visually
Total phytosterols 135.0 mg 245.5% 10010050
Campesterol 1.0-14.5 mg 28.2% 30
Beta-sitosterol 50.0-72.0 mg 125.0% 10030
Stigmasterol 8.8-9.2 mg 26.3% 30
Delta-5-avenasterol 14.6 mg 26.5% 30
Cholesterol 0.0 mg 0.0% –

 

CARBOHYDRATES

 

Name Content, mass fraction per 100 g of product % of Daily Value (DV)
in figures visually
Total Carbohydrate content 49.5-60.37 g 15.7% 20
Mono- and disaccharides 4.6-8.0 g 12.6% 10
Glucose 2.1 g 21.0% 20
Fructose 2.5 g 7.1% 10
Galactose 0.0 g 0.0% 0
Sucrose 2.37 g – –
Lactose 0.0 g 0.0% 0
Starch 39.40 g – –
Maltose 0.0 g – –
Fiber 25.5 g 102.0% 1005
Pectin 0.6 g 12.0% 10
PURINE BASES
Name Content, mass fraction per 100 g of product % of Daily Value (DV)
in figures visually
Total Purines content 70.0 mg 56.0% 60

Units of measurement:
Unit (mass of one pea): 0.15-0.40 g
Tea glass: 205.0 g
Faceted glass: 230.0 g
Teaspoon: 5.0 g
Tablespoon: 25.0 g

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