Sea buckthorn

ByОлена Коновалова
SEA BUCKTHORN (Fruit with Seed)
     The fruits of the sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides), including the seeds, serve as an unparalleled source of phytosterols, particularly beta-sitosterol. Per 100 g, the fruits contain 1311.0% of the Daily Value [DV] for total phytosterols and 1170.0% DV for beta-sitosterol. The phytochemical profile includes 19 distinct phytosterols, among which delta-5-avenasterol is a significant constituent alongside beta-sitosterol.
     The molecular structure of phytosterols is analogous to that of cholesterol; they competitively bind to bile salts and fatty acids within the jejunal lumen. By displacing cholesterol, they inhibit its intestinal absorption and enhance its biliary excretion. Furthermore, phytosterols demonstrate therapeutic efficacy in the management of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). They effectively modulate the synthesis of inflammatory prostaglandins, enhance urinary flow rate, and reduce prostatic edema as well as post-void residual volume (for comprehensive data, see – white cabbage).
     However, given the exceptionally high concentration of beta-sitosterol and its documented anti-androgenic activity, it may be concluded that sea buckthorn is primarily a “female-oriented” product. Chronic or excessive consumption by males may potentially lead to a reduction in serum testosterone levels (for further details, see – avocado).
     Sea buckthorn fruits are also characterized by a profound concentration of carotenoids: beta-carotene (231.5% DV per 100 g) and lycopene (80.0%); xanthophylls, including lutein and its isomer zeaxanthin (86.0%); tocopherols: alpha-tocopherol (33.1%) and gamma-tocopherol (29.3%); and ascorbic acid (222.0%).
     Carotenoids, tocopherols, and ascorbic acid function as potent antioxidants, while the xanthophylls lutein and zeaxanthin selectively accumulate in ocular tissues, providing critical photoprotection for the retina and macular health. The synergistic interaction of these metabolites accounts for the established antioxidant, ophthalmoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and regenerative (wound-healing) properties of the fruit.
     Sea buckthorn fruits contain significant quantities of macro- and microelements: chromium (980.0% DV per 100 g!), boron (164.0%), vanadium (62.5%), manganese (46.5%), rubidium (44.0%), iron (27.3%), copper (24.0%), molybdenum (15.7%), silicon (11.0%), and nickel (10.0%).
     Sea buckthorn exhibits an exceptionally high concentration of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (176.0% DV per 100 g), specifically alpha-linolenic acid, as well as notable levels of omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (linoleic acid – 18.5% DV) and total unsaturated fatty acids (10.2%).
    The fruits are further enriched with a mono- and disaccharide fraction (11.4% DV), primarily glucose (36.0% DV), alongside pectic substances (52.0% DV) and dietary fiber (10.0%). Starch is absent from the composition, while minor quantities of sucrose are present (0.2 g per 100 g).
     The total purine base content per 100 g constitutes 6.7% of the daily allowance.
Calories per 100 g: 82 kcal
Water in 100 g: 83 g
Ash from 100 g: 0.7 g
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
 
Vitamins, macro- and microelements, nutrients per 100 g
VITAMINS
Name Content, mass fraction per 100 g of product % of daily norm
in numbers visually*
Vitamin B1 (thiamine) 0.03 mg 1.8% 5
Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) 0.05 mg 2.5% 5
Vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid) 0.15 mg 3.0% 5
Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) 0.11 mg 6.0% 10
Vitamin B9 (folic acid) 9.0 mcg 2.0% 5
Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) 0.0 mcg 0.0% 0
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) 200.0 mg 222% 10010020
Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) 5.0 mg 33.1% 30
Beta-tocopherol 0.74 mg 4.9% 5
Gamma-tocopherol 4.4 mg 29.3% 30
Delta-tocopherol 0.42 mg 2.8% 5
Vitamin D (ergocalciferol) 0.0 mcg 0.0% 0
Vitamin PP (nicotinic acid) 0.5 mg 3.0% 5
Vitamin K (phylloquinone) 0.9-1.5 mcg 1.1% 0
Biotin 3.3 mg 7.0% 10
Beta-carotene 430.0-22720.0 mcg 231.5% 10010030
Alpha-carotene 12.0 mcg 0.2% 0
Lutein + zeaxanthin 1420-6750 mcg 86.0% 90
Beta-cryptoxanthin 78.0 mcg 1.6% 0
Lycopene 4000 mcg 80.0% 80
Choline 21.02 mg 4.2% 5
Methylmethionine sulfonium (vitamin U) 0.0 mg 0.0% 0
Betaine trimethylglycine 0.3 mg 0.03% 0

* Full pitcher – 100% of daily norm; empty – 0-1% of daily norm.

MINERAL ELEMENTS

Macroelements

Name Content, mass fraction per 100 g of product % of daily norm
in numbers visually
Potassium 103.0-193.0 mg 8.0% 10
Calcium 22.0-57.5 mg 3.2% 5
Silicon 3.3 mg 11.0% 10
Magnesium 31.2 mg 7.8% 10
Sodium 4.0 mg 0.3% 0
Sulfur 5.0 mg 0.5% 0
Phosphorus 9.0-40.0 mg 3.8% 5
Chlorine 1.25 mg 0.1% 0

Microelements and ultramicroelements

Name Content, mass fraction per 100 g of product % of daily norm
in numbers visually
Aluminum 10.0 mcg 0.03% 0
Boron 115.0 mcg 164.3% 10060
Vanadium 25.0 mcg 62.5% 60
Iron 1.4-6.5 mg 27.3% 30
Iodine 1.1 mcg 0.7% 0
Cobalt 0.49 mcg 4.9% 5
Lithium 1.9 mcg 1.9% 5
Manganese 930.0 mcg 46.5% 50
Copper 240.0 mcg 24.0% 30
Molybdenum 11.0 mcg 15.7% 20
Arsenic 0.1 mcg 0.8% 0
Nickel 15.0 mcg 10.0% 10
Tin 1.1 mcg 0.06% 0
Rubidium 44.0 mcg 44.0% 50
Lead 0.3 mcg 3.0% 5
Selenium 0.97 mcg 1.5% 0
Strontium 8.5 mcg 1.1% 0
Thallium 0.04 mcg 2.0% 5
Fluorine 11.9 mcg 0.3% 0
Chromium 490.0 mcg 980.0% 100100100100100
10010010010080
Zinc 3.74 mcg 0.03% 0

 

PROTEINS AND AMINO ACIDS

 

Name Content, mass fraction per 100 g of product % of daily norm
in numbers visually
Total protein content 1.200 g 1.9% 5
Content of essential amino acids 0.390 g 1.8% 5
Content of non-essential amino acids 0.809 g 1.4% 0

 

Essential Amino Acids

 

Name of the acid Content, g per 100 g of product % of daily norm
in numbers visually
Valine 0.054 g 2.2% 5
Histidine 0.038 g 1.8% 5
Isoleucine 0.043 g 2.2% 5
Leucine 0.076 g 1.7% 0
Lysine 0.066 g 1.6% 0
Methionine 0.008 g 0.4% 0
Threonine 0.039 g 1.6% 0
Tryptophan 0.017 g 1.7% 0
Phenylalanine 0.049 g 1.6% 0

 Non-essential Amino Acids

Amino Acid Name Content, g per 100 g of product % of Daily Value (DV)
Numerical Visual
Alanine 0.048 g 0.7% 0
Arginine 0.155 g 2.5% 5
Aspartic Acid 0.141 g 1.2% 0
Glycine 0.049 g 1.4% 0
Glutamic Acid 0.262 g 1.9% 5
Proline 0.063 g 1.4% 0
Serine 0.058 g 0.7% 0
Tyrosine 0.030 g 1.0% 0
Cystine 0.003 g 0.2% 0



LIPIDS AND FATTY ACIDS

 

Name Content, mass fraction per 100 g of product % of Daily Value (DV)
Numerical Visual
Total Lipids 5.400 g 8.0% 10
Total Unsaturated Fatty Acids 4.168 g 10.2% 10
Omega-3 Unsaturated Fatty Acids 1.762 g 176.2% 10080
Omega-6 Unsaturated Fatty Acids 1.845 g 18.5% 20
Total Saturated Fatty Acids 0.92-1.20 g 4.4% 5
Unsaturated Fatty Acids


Fatty Acid Name Content, g per 100 g of product
Palmitoleic C 16:1 (omega-7) 0.066 g
Oleic C 18:1 (omega-9) 0.495 g
Linoleic C 18:2 (omega-6) 1.845 g
Linolenic C 18:3 (omega-3) 1.732 g
Stearidonic C 18:4 (omega-3) 0.0 g
Gadoleic C 20:1 (omega-11) 0.0 g
Arachidonic C 20:4 (omega-6) 0.0 g
Eicosapentaenoic C 20:5 (omega-3) 0.0 g
Erucic C 22:1 (omega-9) 0.0 g
Clupanodonic C 22:5 (omega-3) 0.0 g
Docosahexaenoic C 22:6 (omega-3) 0.030 g
Nervonic C 24:1 (omega-9) 0.0 g


Saturated Fatty Acids


Fatty Acid Name Content, g per 100 g of product
Lauric C 12:0 0.0 g
Myristic C 14:0 0.015 g
Pentadecanoic 15:0 0.014 g
Palmitic C 16:0 0.627 g
Stearic C 18:0 0.219 g
Arachidic C 20:0 0.036 g
Behenic C 22:0 0.011 g
Lignoceric C 24:0 0.0 g


Sterols


Name Content, mass fraction per 100 g of product % of Daily Value (DV)
Numerical Visual
Total Phytosterols 721 mg 1310.9%  [images preserved]
Campesterol No data
Beta-sitosterol 411-548 mg 1170% [images preserved] 
Stigmasterol No data
Delta-5-avenasterol 108-123 mg No data
Cholesterol 0.0 mg 0% –


CARBOHYDRATES


Name Content, mass fraction per 100 g of product % of Daily Value (DV)
Numerical Visual
Total Carbohydrates 7.7 g 3.0% 5
Mono- and Disaccharides 5.7 g 11.4% 10 
Glucose 3.6 g 36.0% 40 
Fructose 1.2 g 5.4% 5
Galactose 0.0 g 0.0% 0
Sucrose 0.2 g – –
Lactose 0.0 g 0.0% 0
Starch 0.0 g –  –
Maltose 0.0 g – –
Dietary Fiber 2.0 g 10.0% 10 
Pectin 2.6 g 52.0% 50 


PURINE BASES


Name Content, mass fraction per 100 g of product % of Daily Value (DV)
Numerical Visual
Total Purine Content 8.0 mg 6.7% 10 

Units of measurement:
Piece (one berry mass): 0.76-0.80 g
Standard cup: 250.0 g
Faceted glass: 200.0 g
Teaspoon: 7.0 g
Tablespoon: 20.0 g

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