Onion (Allium cepa)

ByОлена Коновалова
ONION
      Onion (Allium cepa) is characterized by an exceptional concentration of rubidium (476.0% of the Daily Value [DV] per 100 g). Its mineral profile is notably rich in: boron (286.0% DV per 100 g), cobalt (50.0%), and silicon (17.0%). It is further distinguished by its phytosterol content, specifically beta-sitosterol (27.0% DV). The carbohydrate fraction includes mono- and disaccharides (16.2%), with glucose (13.0% DV) as a significant component, alongside dietary fiber (15.0%). It contains a substantial quantity of sucrose (6.5 g per 100 g) and trace amounts of starch (0.1 g per 100 g). The total purine base content per 100 g constitutes 3.0% of the daily allowance.
     The concentration of oxalic acid per 100 g is negligible (3 mg), representing 0.8% of the maximum tolerable daily intake (for further details, see Rhubarb).
      Thus, onion is low in vitamins, but it is rich in trace elements, especially – rubidium and boron, and contains phytosterols in sufficient quantities.
     The occasional greening of the outer scales of onion bulbs is due to the light-dependent transformation of leucoplasts in the bulbs into chloroplasts and the corresponding accumulation of chlorophyll, which accumulates under the influence of sunlight. The green parts of the bulbs have a bitter taste, but they are not toxic and can be used in cooking.
Caloric content per 100 g: 38-41 kcal
Water per 100 g: 86 g
Ash per 100 g: 1 g
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
 
Vitamins, macro- and microelements, nutrients per 100 g
VITAMINS
Name Content, mass fraction per 100 g of product % of daily norm
in numbers visually*
Vitamin B1 (thiamine) 0.026-0.048 mg 3% 5
Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) 0.013-0.019 mg 1% 0
Vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid) 0.10-0.13 mg 2% 5
Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) 0.131-0.214 mg 6% 10
Vitamin B9 (folic acid) 24-53 µg 8.8% 10
Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) 0.0 µg 0% 0
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) 8-10 mg 11% 10
Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) 0.04-0.20 mg 1% 0
Vitamin D (ergocalciferol) 0.0 µg 0% 0
Vitamin PP (nicotinic acid) 0.11-0.52 mg 3% 5
Vitamin K (phylloquinone) 0.4 µg 0.3% 0
Biotin 0.9 µg 2% 5
Beta-carotene 10-49 µg 0.6% 0
Lutein + zeaxanthin 4 µg 0.07% 0
Lycopene 0.0 µg 0% 0
Choline 6.1 mg  1.2% 0
Methylmethioninesulfonium (vitamin U) 0.0 mg 0% 0

* Full jug – 100% of daily norm; empty – 0-1% of daily norm.

MINERAL ELEMENTS

Macroelements

Name Content, mass fraction per 100 g of product % of daily norm
in numbers visually
Potassium 148.0-214.0 mg 7% 10
Calcium 26.6-31.0 mg 3% 5
Silicon 5 mg 17% 20
Magnesium 12.2-14.0 mg 4% 5
Sodium 2.0-4.3 mg 0% 0
Sulfur 65-95 mg 8% 10
Phosphorus 32-58 mg 7% 5
Chlorine 25 mg 1% 0

Trace Elements

Name Content, mass fraction per 100 g of product % of daily norm
in numbers visually
Aluminum 400 mcg 1% 0
Boron 200 mcg 286% 10010090
Vanadium No data
Iron 0.8 mg 4% 5
Iodine 2.2-3.1 mcg 2% 5
Cobalt 5 mcg 50% 50
Manganese 110.0-380.0 mcg 12% 10
Copper 85.0-90.0 mcg 9% 10
Molybdenum No data
Nickel 0.800-13.5 mcg 3.3% 5
Rubidium 476 mcg 476% 10010010010080
Selenium 0.500 mcg 0.8% 0
Fluorine 31 mcg 1% 0
Chromium 0.7-2 mcg 4% 5
Zinc 120.0-850.0 µg 4.6% 5

 

PROTEINS AND AMINO ACIDS

 

Name Content, mass fraction per 100 g of product % of daily norm
in numbers visually
Total protein content 1.1-1.4 g 2% 5
Content of essential amino acids 0.257-0.321 1.2% 0
Content of non-essential amino acids 0.569-0.810 1.1% 0

 

Essential Amino Acids

 

Name of acid Content, g per 100 g of product % of daily norm
in numbers visually
Valine 0.021-0.038 2% 5
Histidine 0.014-0.018 2% 5
Isoleucine 0.03-0.04 3% 5
Leucine 0.050-0.053 2% 5
Lysine 0.05-0.06 2% 5
Methionine 0.010-0.012 0.6% 0
Threonine 0.028-0.040  3% 5
Tryptophan 0.019-0.020 5% 5
Phenylalanine 0.035-0.040 2.7%  5

 

Non-Essential Amino Acids

 

Name of acid Content, g per 100 g of product % of daily norm
in numbers visually
Alanine 0.035-0.060 0.8% 0
Arginine 0.160-0.210 3% 5
Aspartic acid 0.070-0.093 0.7% 0
Glycine 0.033-0.040 1.1% 0
Glutamic acid 0.220-0.330 2.1% 5
Proline 0.012-0.021 0.4% 0
Serine 0.021-0.028 0.3% 0
Tyrosine 0.014-0.018  0.9% 0
Cystine 0.004-0.010 0.9% 0



FATS AND FATTY ACIDS

 

Name Content, mass fraction per 100 g of product % of daily norm
in figures visually
Total fat content 0.2 g 0.2% 0
Content of unsaturated fatty acids 0.142 0.3% 0
Content of omega-3 unsaturated fatty acids 0.014 g 1.4% 0
Content of omega-6 unsaturated fatty acids 0.100 g  1% 0
Content of saturated fatty acids 0.071 g 0.3% 0

 

Unsaturated Fatty Acids

 

Acid Name Content, g per 100 g of product
Palmitoleic C 16:1 (omega-7) 0.0 g
Oleic C 18:1 (omega-9) 0.028 g
Linoleic C 18:2 (omega-6) 0.100 g
Linolenic C 18:3 (omega-3) 0.014 g
Stearidonic C 18:4 (omega-3) 0.0 g
Gadoleic C 20:1 (omega-11) 0.0 g
Arachidonic C 20:4 (omega-6) 0.0 g
Eicosapentaenoic C 20:5 (omega-3) 0.0 g
Erucic C 22:1 (omega-9) 0.0 g
Clupanodonic C 22:5 (omega-3) 0.0 g
Docosahexaenoic C 22:6 (omega-3) 0.0 g
Nervonic C 24:1 (omega-9) 0.0 g

 

Saturated Fatty Acids

 

Acid Name Content, g per 100 g of product
Myristic C 14:0 0.0 g
Palmitic C 16:0 0.071 g
Stearic C 18:0 0.0 g
Arachidic C 20:0 No data
Behenic C 22:0 No data
Lignoceric C 24:0 No data

 

Sterols

 

Name Content, mass fraction per 100 g of product % of daily norm
in figures visually
β-Sitosterol 15 mg 27% 30
Cholesterol 0.0 mg 0% –

 

CARBOHYDRATES

 

Name Content, mass fraction per 100 g of product % of daily norm
in figures visually
Total carbohydrate content 8.2-11.2 g 3.5% 5
Mono- and disaccharides 8.1 g  16.2% 20
Glucose 1.3 g  13% 20
Fructose 1.2 g 3.4% 5
Galactose 0.0 g 0% 0
Sucrose 6.5 g – –
Lactose 0.0 g 0% 0
Starch 0.1 g –  –
Maltose 0.0 g – –
Fiber 3 g 15%  20

PURINE BASES

Name Content, mass fraction per 100 g of product % of daily norm
in numbers visually
Total purine content 4 mg 3% 5

Units of measurement:
Piece: about 75.0 g
Tea glass: 250.0 g
Faceted glass: 200.0 g
Teaspoon: 7.0 g
Tablespoon: 20.0 g

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