Barley

ByОлена Коновалова
BARLEY (PEARL BARLEY)
Barley and the pearl barley obtained from it (whole cleaned and polished barley grains) are a rich source of vitamins, various mineral elements, amino acids, phytosterols, starch, and fiber.
Thus, barley is rich in vitamin B1 (thiamine) (28.8% of the daily norm per 100 g), vitamin PP (nicotinic acid) (25.8%), biotin (22.0%), vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) (19.8%), alpha-tocotrienol (19.8%), choline (14.8%), vitamin B2 (riboflavin) (10.3%), and pantothenic acid (9.8%).
The mineral composition of barley is represented by macro-, micro-, and ultra-trace elements. It is dominated by: silicon (2000.0%), vanadium (430.0%), boron (414.3%), manganese (88.5%), cobalt (79.0%), zirconium (77.4%), copper (51.5%), selenium (46.0%), phosphorus (38.6%), magnesium (35.4%), lithium (23.1%), zinc (22.8%), chromium (21.2%), iron (20.3%), molybdenum (19.7%), titanium (16.7%), potassium (14.6%), nickel (12.0%), and thallium (10.0%).
Barley contains proteins (14.2%), essential and non-essential amino acids (15.6% and 11.3% per 100 g, respectively). Among the essential amino acids the predominant ones are: valine (21.1%), isoleucine (19.3%), and phenylalanine (18.3%); among the non-essential amino acids – proline (26.4%) and glutamic acid (18.3%).
Barley contains gluten; therefore, barley should not be consumed by individuals with celiac disease (for further details, see Soft wheat).
Barley is also characterized by a high content of phytosterols (280.9% of the daily norm per 100 g), with beta-sitosterol (300.0%) being the predominant one, which classifies barley as a “women’s product” (for further details, see Avocado). The content of other sterols is also significant: campesterol (41.1% of the daily norm per 100 g) and stigmasterol (42.9%), which aligns barley with rye and distinguishes it from other cereal crops, where beta-sitosterol significantly dominates the sterol composition and the content of other phytosterols is extremely low (a different profile among cereals is observed only in wild rice).
The content of total carbohydrates in 100 g of barley seeds is 21.6% of the daily norm, with starch (up to 54.6 g per 100 g) and fiber (63.6% of the daily norm per 100 g, amounting to 17.3 g) dominating the carbohydrate profile. Barley contains pectin (10% of the daily norm per 100 g) and sucrose (up to 2.0 g per 100 g).
Barley is capable of accumulating the toxic ultra-trace element thallium (10.0% of the daily norm per 100 g).
The content of purine bases is 27.3% of the daily norm per 100 g.
The content of oxalic acid in 100 g is 27.3 mg, which constitutes 6.8% of the maximum allowable daily intake (for further details, see Rhubarb).
Caloric content per 100 g: 354 kcal
Water in 100 g: 9.44 g
Ash from 100 g: 2.29 g

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
 
Vitamins, macro- and microelements, nutrients per 100 g
VITAMINS 
Name Content, mass fraction per 100 g of product % of daily norm
in numbers visually*
Vitamin B1 (thiamine) 0.330-0.650 mg 28.8% 30
Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) 0.130-0.280 mg 10.3% 10
Vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid) 0.280-0.700 mg 9.8% 10
Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) 0.320-0.470 mg 19.8% 20
Vitamin B9 (folic acid) 19.0-40.0 mcg 7.4% 10
Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) 0.0 mcg 0.0% 0
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) 0.0 mg 0.0% 0
Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) 0.57-0.67 mg 4.1% 5
Beta-tocopherol 0.12 mg 0.8% 0
Gamma-tocopherol 0.12 mg 0.8% 0
Delta-tocopherol 0.0 mg 0.0% 0
Alpha-tocotrienol 2.97 mg 19.8% 20
Vitamin D (ergocalciferol) 0.0 mcg 0.0% 0
Vitamin PP (nicotinic acid) 4.60-5.70 mg 25.8% 30
Vitamin K (phylloquinone) 2.2 mcg 1.8% 0
Biotin 11.0 mcg 22.0% 20
Beta-carotene 13.0-23.9 mcg 0.4% 0
Alpha-carotene 0.0 mcg 0.0% 0
Lutein + zeaxanthin 160.0 mcg 2.7% 5
Beta-cryptoxanthin 0.0 mcg 0.0% 0
Lycopene 0.0 mcg 0.0% 0
Choline 37.8-110.0 mg 14.8% 20
Methylmethionine sulfonium (vitamin U) 0.0 mg 0.0% 0
Betaine trimethylglycine 0.5 mg 0.05% 0

* Full jug – 100% daily norm; empty – 0-1% daily norm.

MINERAL ELEMENTS

Macroelements

Name Content, mass fraction per 100 g of product % of daily norm
in numbers visually
Potassium 280.0-452.0 mg 14.6% 20
Calcium 29.0-33.0 mg 2.6% 5
Silicon 600.0 mg 2000.0% 100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100
Magnesium 133.0-150.0 mg 35.4% 40
Sodium 12.0-32.0 mg 1.7% 0
Sulfur 88.0 mg 8.8% 10
Phosphorus 264.0-353.0 mg 38.6% 40
Chlorine 125.0 mg 5.4% 5

Microelements and ultratrace elements

Name Content, mass fraction per 100 g of product % of daily norm
in numbers visually
Aluminum 520.0 mcg 1.4% 0
Barium 6.0 mcg 0.6% 0
Boron 290.0 mcg 414.3% 10010010010020
Bromine 2.1-6.4 mcg 0.2% 0
Vanadium 172.0 mcg 430.0% 10010010010030
Germanium 0.5-0.7 mcg 0.2% 0
Iron 2.5-3.6 mg 20.3% 20
Iodine 5.0-8.9 mcg 4.6% 5
Cobalt 7.9 mcg 79.0% 80
Lithium 23.1 mcg 23.1% 20
Manganese 1600.0-1940.0 mcg 88.5% 90
Copper 470.0-560.0 mcg 51.5% 50
Molybdenum 13.8 mcg 19.7% 20
Arsenic 0.03-0.18 mcg 0.9% 0
Nickel 10.0-26.1 mcg 12.0% 10
Tin 72.2 mcg 3.6% 5
Rubidium 3.0-4.0 mcg 3.5% 5
Lead 0.01-0.06 mcg 0.4% 0
Selenium 22.1-37.7 mcg 46.0% 50
Strontium 43.2 mcg 5.4% 5
Thallium 0.2 mcg 10.0% 10
Titanium 141.7 mcg 16.7% 20
Fluorine 106.0 mcg 2.7% 5
Zinc 2710.0-2770.0 mcg 22.8% 20
Zirconium 38.7 mcg 77.4% 80

 

PROTEINS AND AMINO ACIDS

 

Name Content, mass fraction per 100 g of product % of daily norm
in numbers visually
Total protein content 10.30-12.48 g 14.2% 20
Content of essential amino acids 3.244-3.577 g 15.6% 20
Content of non-essential amino acids 6.181-6.646 g 11.3% 10

 

Essential Amino Acids

 

Acid Name Content, g per 100 g of product % of daily norm
in numbers visually
Valine 0.486-0.570 g 21.1% 20
Histidine 0.223-0.240 g 11.0% 10
Isoleucine 0.362-0.410 g 19.3% 20
Leucine 0.673-0.740 g 15.4% 20
Lysine 0.350-0.369 g 8.8% 10
Methionine 0.160-0.190 g 9.7% 10
Threonine 0.330-0.337 g 13.9%  20
Tryptophan 0.120-0.165 g 14.3% 20
Phenylalanine 0.540-0.556 g 18.3% 20

 

Non-Essential Amino Acids

 

Acid Name Content, g per 100 g of product % of daily norm
in numbers visually
Alanine 0.386-0.410 g 6.0% 5
Arginine 0.440-0.496 g 7.7% 10
Aspartic acid 0.540-0.619 g 4.8% 5
Glycine 0.359-0.360 g 10.3% 10
Glutamic acid 2.400-2.588 g 18.3% 20
Proline 1.178-1.200 g 26.4% 30
Serine 0.418-0.470 g 5.3% 5
Tyrosine 0.270-0.284 g 9.2% 10
Cystine 0.190-0.219 g 11.4% 10



FATS AND FATTY ACIDS

 

Name Content, mass fraction per 100 g of product % of daily value
in figures visually
Total fat content 1.2-2.3 g 1.8% 0
Unsaturated fatty acids content 0.685-1.360 g 2.5% 5
Omega-3 unsaturated fatty acids content 0.055-0.110 g 8.3% 10
Omega-6 unsaturated fatty acids content 0.505-1.000 g 7.5% 10
Saturated fatty acids content 0.225-0.450 g 1.4% 0

 

Unsaturated Fatty Acids

 

Acid Name Content, g per 100 g of product
Palmitoleic C 16:1 (omega-7) 0.003-0.010 g
Oleic C 18:1 (omega-9) 0.122-0.240 g
Linoleic C 18:2 (omega-6) 0.505-1.000 g
Linolenic C 18:3 (omega-3) 0.055-0.110 g
Stearidonic C 18:4 (omega-3) 0.0 g
Gadoleic C 20:1 (omega-11) 0.0 g
Arachidonic C 20:4 (omega-6) 0.0 g
Eicosapentaenoic C 20:5 (omega-3) 0.0 g
Erucic C 22:1 (omega-9) 0.0 g
Clupanodonic C 22:5 (omega-3) 0.0 g
Docosahexaenoic C 22:6 (omega-3) 0.0 g
Nervonic C 24:1 (omega-9) 0.0 g

 

Saturated Fatty Acids

 

Acid Name Content, g per 100 g of product
Lauric C 12:0 0.003-0.010 g
Myristic C 14:0 0.006-0.010 g
Pentadecanoic 15:0 0.0 g
Palmitic C 16:0 0.208-0.410 g
Stearic C 18:0 0.008-0.020 g
Arachidic C 20:0 0.0 g
Behenic C 22:0 0.0 g
Lignoceric C 24:0 0.0 g

 

Sterols

 

Name Content, mass fraction per 100 g of product % of daily value
in figures visually
Total phytosterols 153.0-156.0 mg 280.9% 10010080
Campesterol 22.6 mg 41.1% 40
Beta-sitosterol 120.0 mg 300.0% 100100100
Stigmasterol 6.0-9.0 mg 42.9% 40
Cholesterol 0.0 mg 0.0% –

 

CARBOHYDRATES

 

Name Content, mass fraction per 100 g of product % of daily value
in figures visually
Total carbohydrate content 73.48-77.7 g 21.6% 20
Mono- and disaccharides 2.8-3.3 g 6.1% 5
Glucose 0.4-0.8 g 6.0% 5
Fructose 0.2-0.6 g 1.1% 0
Galactose 0.0 g 0.0% 0
Sucrose 1.7-2.0 g – –
Lactose 0.0 g 0.0% 0
Starch 54.6 g –  –
Maltose 8.0 mcg – –
Fiber 14.5-17.3 g 63.6% 60
Pectin 0.5 g 10.0% 10
PURINE BASES

 

Name Content, mass fraction per 100 g of product % of daily value
in figures visually
Total purine content 34.0 mg 27.3% 30

 

Units of measurement:
Tea glass: 145.0 g
Faceted glass: 180.0 g
Teaspoon: 6.0 g
Tablespoon: 20.0 g

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