Brown unpolished rice
BROWN UNPOLISHED RICE
Brown rice (often termed unpolished rice) is a caryopsis from which the hull has been removed, while the bran layer and germ have been preserved. This anatomical structure accounts for its characteristic light brown pigmentation and subtle nutty flavor.
In terms of nutritive value, brown unpolished rice significantly surpasses polished white rice, as the majority of vitamins, mineral elements, and amino acids are localized within the bran and germ. The product contains B-group vitamins, nicotinic acid, minerals, fatty oil, fiber, and pectin. It should be noted, however, that the presence of lipids in the bran layer reduces the oxidative stability and shelf life of the grain compared to polished varieties.
Thus, brown (unpolished) rice is a significant source of vitamins (particularly B-group vitamins, nicotinic acid, and biotin), numerous mineral elements, and is notably rich in silicon and vanadium; proteins, essential amino acids (notably valine and isoleucine), and carbohydrates (primarily starch and pectin).
Brown rice is rich in vitamin B1 (thiamine) (29.7% of the daily requirement per 100 g), vitamin PP (nicotinic acid) (25.5%), biotin (24.0%), vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) (23.8%), pantothenic acid (22.0%), vitamin B9 (folic acid) (13.3%), and choline (11.6%).
The mineral profile is dominated by silicon (1253.3% of the daily norm per 100 g), vanadium (1000.0%), boron (320.0%), manganese (132.5%), cobalt (69.0%), phosphorus (47.0%), molybdenum (38.1%), selenium (30.8%), magnesium (28.6%), nickel (24.6%), lithium (19.5%), rubidium (18.8%), zirconium (18.5%), copper (17.5%), zinc (14.2%), potassium (10.2%), iron (10.0%), and thallium (9.3%).
Brown rice contains proteins (10.6%) and essential and non-essential amino acids (14.4% and 8.8% per 100 g, respectively). Among essential amino acids, the predominant ones are valine (21.1%) and isoleucine (18.2%); non-essential amino acids are present in lower concentrations, primarily glycine (11.4%), glutamic acid (11.1%), and arginine (10.5%).
Like other rice varieties, brown rice is gluten-free, distinguishing it from many other cereals and making it suitable for individuals with celiac disease (for further details, see Soft wheat).
Compared to polished rice, unpolished grains contain 3.1-3.5 times more lipids, consisting mainly of omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (specifically linoleic acid, 9.6% of the daily requirement per 100 g).
Unpolished rice contains moderate amounts of phytosterols (18.5% of the daily requirement per 100 g), with beta-sitosterol predominating (11.0%). Due to its nutritional profile, this rice is suitable for moderate consumption by men (for further details, see Avocado).
Brown rice has a high carbohydrate content (total carbohydrates account for 21.9% of the daily norm per 100 g, or 77.2 g), primarily composed of starch (up to 68.9 g per 100 g). Unpolished rice also contains significant pectin (36.0% of the daily norm per 100 g) and fiber (13.6%, respectively). Brown rice contains minor amounts of sucrose (up to 0.85 g per 100 g) and purine bases (11.7% of the daily norm per 100 g).
The oxalic acid content per 100 g is 13.8 mg, representing 3.5% of the maximum permissible daily intake (for further details, see Rhubarb).
Consistent with other rice varieties, brown rice can accumulate the toxic ultramicroelement thallium (9.3% of the daily norm per 100 g).
Calories per 100 g: 362 kcal
Water per 100 g: 12.37 g
Ash per 100 g: 1.27 g
Water per 100 g: 12.37 g
Ash per 100 g: 1.27 g
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
Vitamins, macro- and microelements, nutrients per 100 g
VITAMINS
| Name | Content, mass fraction per 100 g of product | % of daily requirement | |
| in numbers | visually | ||
| Vitamin B1 (thiamine) | 0.420-0.590 mg | 29.7 |  |
| Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) | 0.093 | 4.7 |  |
| Vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid) | 1.100 mg | 22 |  |
| Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) | 0.419-0.532 mg | 23.8 | |
| Vitamin B9 (folic acid) | 53.0 | 13.3 |  |
| Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) | 0.0 | 0 |  |
| Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) | 0 | 0 | |
| Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) | 0.68-1.20 mg | 6.3 | |
| Beta-tocopherol | 0 | 0 | |
| Gamma-tocopherol | 0.31-0.46 mg | 2.6 | |
| Delta-tocopherol | 0 | 0.0 | |
| Vitamin D (ergocalciferol) | 0.0 | 0 | |
| Vitamin PP (nicotinic acid) | 5.090 mg | 25.5 | |
| Vitamin K (phylloquinone) | 1.9 | 1.6 | |
| Biotin | 12.0 | 2 | |
| Beta-carotene | 10.0 | 0 | |
| Alpha-carotene | 0.0 | 0 | |
| Lutein + zeaxanthin | 13.0 | 0.2 | |
| Beta-cryptoxanthin | 0.0 | 0 | |
| Lycopene | 0.0 | 0 | |
| Choline | 30.7-85.0 mg | 11.6 | |
| Methylmethionine sulfonium (vitamin U) | 0 | 0 | |
| Betaine trimethylglycine | 2.1 | 0 | |
* Full jug – 100% of the daily norm; empty – 0-1% of the daily norm.
MINERAL ELEMENTS
Macroelements
| Name | Content, mass fraction per 100 g of product | % of daily requirement | |
| in numbers | Visually | ||
| Potassium | 240.0-270.0 mg | 10.2 | |
| Calcium | 8.64-15.3 mg | 1.1 | |
| Silicon | 376 | 1253.3 |   |
| Magnesium | 100.0-129.0 mg | 28.6 | |
| Sodium | 1.0-2.3 mg | 0 | |
| Sulfur | 60.0 | 6 | |
| Phosphorus | 315.0-437.0 mg | 47 | |
| Chlorine | 13.3 | 0.6 | |
Trace elements and ultra-trace elements
| Name | Content, mass fraction per 100 g of product | % of daily requirement | |
| in numbers | Visually | ||
| Aluminum | 912.0 | 2.4 | |
| Barium | 8.7 | 0.9 | |
| Boron | 224.0 | 320.0 | |
| Bromine | 55.0 | 2.8 | |
| Vanadium | 400.0 | 1000.0 | |
| Germanium | 9.0 | 2.3 | |
| Iron | 0.99-2.00 mg | 10 | |
| Iodine | 2.9-7.2 mcg | 3.4 | |
| Cobalt | 6.9 | 69 |  |
| Lithium | 15.0-24.0 μg | 19.5 | |
| Manganese | 1600.0-3700.0 μg | 132.5 | |
| Copper | 110.0-240.0 μg | 17 | |
| Molybdenum | 26.7 | 38.1 |  |
| Arsenic | 0.11-0.20 μg | 1.3 | |
| Nickel | 36.9 | 24.6 | |
| Tin | 15.6-17.9 μg | 0.8 | |
| Rubidium | 18.8 | 18.8 | |
| Lead | 0.19 | 1.9 | |
| Selenium | 20.0 | 30.8 | |
| Strontium | 18.0-32.0 μg | 3 | |
| Antimony | 0.01 | 0.02 | |
| Thallium | 0.15-0.22 μg | 9.3 | |
| Titanium | 36.5 | 4.3 | |
| Fluorine | 80.0 | 2.0 | |
| Chromium | 2.5 | 5.0 | |
| Zinc | 1100.0-2300.0 μg | 14.2 | |
| Zirconium | 8.0-10.5 μg | 18.5 | |
PROTEINS AND AMINO ACIDS
| Name | Content, mass fraction per 100 g of product | % of daily requirement | |
| in numbers | visually | ||
| Total protein content | 7.5-9.5 g | 10.6 | |
| Essential amino acid content | 2.943-3.332 g | 14.4 | |
| Content of replaceable amino acids | 4.738-5.306 g | 8.8 | |
Essential amino acids
| Name of acid | Content, g per 100 g of product | % of daily requirement | |
| in numbers | Visually | ||
| Valine | 0.466-0.590 g | 21.1 | |
| Histidine | 0.200-0.202 g | 9.6 | |
| Isoleucine | 0.336-0.390 g | 18.2 | |
| Leucine | 0.657-0.700 g | 14.8 | |
| Lysine | 0.303-0.330 g | 7.7 | |
| Methionine | 0.179-0.210 g | 10.8 | |
| Threonine | 0.291-0.300 g | 12.3 | |
| Tryptophan | 0.101-0.130 g | 11.6 | |
| Phenylalanine | 0.410-0.480 g | 14.8 | |
Non-essential amino acids
| Acid name | Content, g per 100 g of product | % of daily requirement | |
| in numbers | Visually | ||
| Alanine | 0.463-0.530 g | 7.5 | |
| Arginine | 0.602-0.680 g | 10.5 | |
| Aspartic acid | 0.743-0.800 g | 6.3 | |
| Glycine | 0.391-0.410 g | 11.4 | |
| Glutamic acid | 1.400-1.618 g | 11.1 | |
| Proline | 0.372-0.410 g | 8.7 | |
| Serine | 0.411-0.450 g | 5.2 | |
| Tyrosine | 0.260-0.298 g | 9.3 | |
| Cystine | 0.096-0.110 g | 5.7 | |
FATS AND FATTY ACIDS
| Name | Content, mass fraction per 100 g of product | % of daily allowance | |
| in numbers | Visually | ||
| Total fat content | 2.680-2.900 g | 2.8 | |
| Unsaturated fatty acid content | 1,930-2,100 g | 4.9 | |
| Omega-3 unsaturated fatty acid content | 0.040-0.044 g | 4.2 | |
| Omega-6 unsaturated fatty acid content | 0.920-1.000 g | 9.6 | |
| Saturated fatty acid content | 0.524-0.564 g | 2.2 | |
Unsaturated fatty acids
| Acid name | Content, g per 100 g of product |
| Palmitoleic C 16:1 (omega-7) | 0.01 |
| Oleic C 18:1 (omega-9) | 0.960-1.046 g |
| Linoleic C 18:2 (omega-6) | 0.920-1.000 g |
| Linolenic C 18:3 (omega-3) | 0.040-0.044 g |
| Stearidonic C 18:4 (omega-3) | 0 |
| Gadoleic C 20:1 (omega-11) | 0 |
| Arachidic C 20:4 (omega-6) | 0 |
| Eicosapentaenoic C 20:5 (omega-3) | 0 |
| Erucic acid C 22:1 (omega-9) | 0 |
| Clupanoid C 22:5 (omega-3) | 0 |
| Docosahexaenoic C 22:6 (omega-3) | 0 |
| Nervonova C 24:1 (omega-9) | 0 |
Saturated fatty acids
| Acid name | Content, g per 100 g of product |
| Lauric C 12:0 | 0.0 |
| Myristic C 14:0 | 0.01 |
| Pentadecanoic acid 15:0 | 0 |
| Palmitic acid C 16:0 | 0.460-0.498 g |
| Stearic C 18:0 | 0.050-0.052 g |
| Arachidic C 20:0 | 0 |
| Behenic C 22:0 | 0 |
| Lignoceric C 24:0 | 0 |
Sterols
| Name | Content, mass fraction per 100 g of product | % of daily requirement | |
| in numbers | Visually | ||
| Total phytosterols | 10.2 | 18.5 | |
| Campesterol | 2.5 | 4.5 | |
| Beta-sitosterol | 4.4 | 11 | |
| Stigmasterol | 0 | 0 | |
| Cholesterol | 0 | 0 | – |
CARBOHYDRATES
| Name | Content, mass fraction per 100 g of product | % of daily requirement | |
| in numbers | Visually | ||
| Total carbohydrate content | 76.17-77.2 g | 21.9 | |
| Mono- and disaccharides | 0.94-1.07 g | 2.0 | |
| Glucose | 0.17 | 1.7 | |
| Fructose | 0.15 | 0.4 | |
| Galactose | 0 | 0 | |
| Sucrose | 0.80-0.85 g | – | – |
| Lactose | 0 | 0 | |
| Starch | 68.9 | – | – |
| Maltose | 0 | – | – |
| Fiber | 3.4 | 13.6 | |
| Pectin | 1.8 | 36 | |
PURINE BASES
| Name | Content, mass fraction per 100 g of product | % of daily requirement | |
| in numbers | Visually | ||
| Purine content | 15.0 | 11.7 | |
Units of measurement:
Teaspoon: 200.0 g
Flat teaspoon: 230.0 g
Teaspoon: 8.0 g
Tablespoon: 25.0 g