Butter mushrooms

ByОлена Коновалова
BUTTER MUSHROOMS

 

     Butter mushrooms (Suillus spp.) exhibit a rich vitamin profile, notably: nicotinic acid (vitamin PP) (33.0% of the Daily Value [DV] per 100 g), ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) (26.0%), pyridoxine (15.0%), and riboflavin (14.3%). They are also characterized by a significant concentration of mineral elements: rubidium (225.8% DV per 100 g), copper (145.6%), and zinc (116.7%). These mushrooms possess a pronounced capacity for the bioaccumulation of toxic ultratrace elements, including cadmium (up to 126.0% DV in the pileus/caps), lead (47.0% in the caps; 27.0% in the stipes/stems), cesium (96.4%), and mercury (13.0%). Additionally, they contain substantial levels of silver (35.7% DV), selenium (10.8%), and chromium (10.5%).
     There are not many purine bases in mushrooms: 100 g contain 5.1% of the daily norm.
     The oxalic acid content is very low: 100 g contains up to 1.2% of the daily requirement.
Calories per 100 g: 19.2 kcal
Water per 100 g: 94.5 g
Ash per 100 g: 0.5 g
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
 
Vitamins, macro- and microelements, nutrients per 100 g
VITAMINS
Name Content, mass fraction per 100 g of product % of daily requirement
in numbers visually
Vitamin B1 (thiamine) 0.03 1.8 5
Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) 0.27-0.3 mg 14.3 20
Vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid) 0 0 0
Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) 0 15 20
Vitamin B9 (folic acid) 30.0 7.5 10
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) 12 13 10
Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) 0.0002 mg 0.001 0
Beta-tocopherol 0.0012 mg 0.008 0
Gamma-tocopherol 0.0030 mg 0.02 0
Vitamin D (ergocalciferol) 1.3 26 30
Vitamin PP (nicotinic acid) 6.5  33 30
Beta-carotene 34.3-83.8 1.2 0
Lycopene 10.7-72.5 μg 0.8 0

* Full jug – 100% of the daily norm; empty – 0-1% of the daily norm.

MINERAL ELEMENTS

Macroelements

 

Name Content, mass fraction per 100 g of product % of daily requirement
in numbers Visually
Potassium 59.6 2.4 5
Calcium 0.76-2.6 mg 0.2 0
Silicon 2.1 6.9 10
Magnesium 5.49 1.4 0
Sodium 2.2 0 0
Sulfur 5 0.6 0
Phosphorus 23.3 mg 2.9 5
Chlorine 1.1 0.04 0

 

Trace elements

 

Name Content, mass fraction per 100 g of product % of daily requirement
In numbers Visually
Aluminum 368.1 μg 1.0 0
Boron 1.5 2.1 5
Vanadium 0.5 1.2 0
Iron 0.27-1.3 mg 5.2 10
Iodine 5.0 3.3 5
Cadmium 0.3 μg (stem) 6.3 μg (cap) 6.0% (stem) 126.0% (cap) 5(stem)
10030 (cap)
Cobalt 0.77 μg 7.7 10
Lithium 5.4 5.4 5
Manganese 44.5-157.9 μg 5.1 5
Copper 1456.0 145.6 10050
Molybdenum 0.77 1.1 0
Nickel 6.4 4.3 5
Mercury 0.13 13 10
Rubidium 225.8 225.8 10010030
Lead 2.7 μg (stem) 4.7 μg (cap) 27.0% (stem) 47.0% (cap) 30(stem)
50(cap)
Selenium 5.6-7.8 μg 10.8 10
Silver 2.5 35 40
Chromium 5.3 10.5 10
Cesium 0.27 96.4 90
Zinc 14,000 116.7 10020

 

PROTEINS AND AMINO ACIDS

 

Name Content, mass fraction per 100 g of product % of daily allowance
in numbers visually
Total protein content 2.4 4.3 5
Essential amino acid content 0.0125 g 0.1 0
Content of replaceable amino acids 0.0005 g 0 0

 

Essential amino acids

 

Name of acid Content, g per 100 g of product % of daily requirement
in numbers Visually
Valine 0.004 0.2 0
Histidine 0 0 0
Isoleucine 0 0 0
Leucine 0.0007 0.0 0
Lysine 0.0008 0.02 0
Methionine 0 0.0 0
Threonine 0 0 0
Tryptophan 0.0 0 0
Phenylalanine 0.001 0.03 0

 

Non-essential amino acids

 

Acid name Content, g per 100 g of product % of daily requirement
in numbers Visually
Alanine 0.0001 0 0
Arginine 0.0004 0 0
Aspartic acid traces 0 0
Glycine traces 0.0 0
Glutamic acid traces 0.0 0
Proline traces 0 0
Serine traces 0.0 0
Tyrosine traces 0.0 0
Cystine traces 0 0

 

FATS AND FATTY ACIDS

 

Name Content, mass fraction per 100 g of product % of daily allowance
in numbers Visually
Total fat content 0.4-0.7 g 1.0 0
Unsaturated fatty acid content 1.452-1.886 g 4.1 5
Omega-3 unsaturated fatty acid content 0 0 0
Omega-6 unsaturated fatty acid content 0.258-0.692 g 4 5
Saturated fatty acid content 1.576-1.789 g 6.7 10

 

Unsaturated fatty acids

 

Acid name Content, g per 100 g of product
Palmitoleic C 16:1 (omega-7) 0.089
Oleic C 18:1 (omega-9) 1.05
Linoleic C 18:2 (omega-6) 0.250-0.684 g
Linolenic C 18:3 (omega-3) 0
Stearidonic C 18:4 (omega-3) 0
Gadoleic C 20:1 (omega-11) 0
Arachidic C 20:4 (omega-6) 0.0
Eicosapentaenoic C 20:5 (omega-3) 0
Erucic acid C 22:1 (omega-9) 0.0
Clupanoid C 22:5 (omega-3) 0
Docosahexaenoic C 22:6 (omega-3) 0
Nervonova C 24:1 (omega-9) 0.0

 

Saturated fatty acids

 

Acid name Content, g per 100 g of product
Caprylic C 8:0 0.005
Capric C 10:0 0.009
Lauric C 12:0 0.02
Tridecanoic acid C 13:0 0.020 g
Myristic acid C 14:0 0.070-0.100 g
Pentadecanoic acid C 15:0 0.155 g
Palmitic C 16:0 0.700-0.883 g
Margarine C 17:0 0.019 g
Stearic C 18:0 0.422 g
Arachidic C 20:0 0.039 g
Geneicozanic acid C 21:0 0.009 g
Begenic acid C 22:0 0.092 g
Lignocerinic C 24:0 0.016 g

 

Sterols

 

Name Content, mass fraction per 100 g of product % of daily allowance
in numbers Visually
Ergosterol 2.95 5.3 5
Ergosta-7,22-dienol 0.7 – –
Ergosta-7-enol
(fungisterol)		 1.4 – –
Ergosta-5,7-dienol 0.38 – –
Lanosterol 0.47 – –
Lanosterol-8,24-dienol 0.27 – –
4-alpha-Methylzymosterol 0.05 – –
Cholesterol 0 0 0

 

CARBOHYDRATES

 

Name Content, mass fraction per 100 g of product % of daily requirement
in numbers Visually
Total carbohydrate content 1.7-3.2 g 1.0 0
Mono- and disaccharides 0.5 1 0
Glucose 0.003 g 0.03 0
Fructose 0.007 g 0.02 0
Trehalose 0.055-0.074 g – –
Mannitol 0.071-0.077 g – –
Sucrose 0 – –
Starch 0.0 – –
Fiber 1.2 6 5
PURINE BASES
Name Content, mass fraction per 100 g of product % of daily requirement
in numbers Visually
Purine content 3.0 5.1 5
OXALIC ACID
Name Content, mass fraction per 100 g of product % of maximum daily intake
in figures Visually
Oxalic acid content 3.6-6.2 mg 1.2 0
OTHER ORGANIC ACIDS

 

Name of compound Content, mg per 100 g of product
Malic acid 31.8
Citric acid 50
Succinic acid 1.7
Quinic acid 0
Fumaric acid 0.06
 
POLYPHENOLS

 

Compound name Content, mg per 100 g of product
Total phenolic compounds 142.4
Phenolic acids
p-Hydroxybenzoic acid 6.6
p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid 44.9
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid 10
Protocatechuic acid 2
Lilac acid 0
Vanillic acid 0
Hydroxycinnamic acid
Cinnamic acid 2.1
Coffee acid 0.2
Chlorogenic acid 2.8
Ferulic acid 4
o-Cumaric acid 14
p-Coumaric acid 1.1
Synapic acid 0.7
Flavonoids
Chrysin 33.6
Genistein 19.6
Kaempferol 2
Quercetin 0.4
Stybenes
Resveratrol 0.4
Simple phenols
Tyrosol 0.3
Vanillin 0.7
 
Units of measurement:
Teaspoon: 250.0 g of oil
Glass: 200.0 g of oil
Teaspoon: 7.0 g of oil
Tablespoon: 20.0 g of oil

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